3D Printing

2. WHAT IS 3D PRINTING? - TECHNOLOGY
DEFINITION AND TYPES
• 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a
method of creating a three dimensional object layer-by-
layer using a computer created design.
• 3D printing is an additive process whereby layers of
material are built up to create a 3D part. This is the
opposite of subtractive manufacturing processes, where a
final design is cut from a larger block of material. As a
result, 3D printing creates less material wastage.

5. History of 3D Printing
Who Invented 3D Printing?
• The earliest 3D printing manufacturing equipment was
developed by Hideo Kodama of the Nagoya Municipal
Industrial Research Institute.

6. History of 3D Printing
When was 3D Printing Invented?
• Hideo Kodama's early work in laser cured resin rapid
prototyping was completed in 1981. His invention was
expanded upon over the next three decades, with the
introduction of stereolithography in 1984. Chuck Hull of
3D Systems invented the first 3D printer in 1987, which
used the stereolithography process

7. Types of 3D printing
Binder Jetting
• Binder jetting deposits a thin layer of powered material,
for example metal, polymer sand or ceramic, onto the
build platform, after which drops of adhesive are
deposited by a print head to bind the particles together.

9. Types of 3D printing
Direct Energy Deposition
• Direct energy depositioning uses focused thermal energy
such as an electric arc, laser or electron beam to fuse wire
or powder feedstock as it is deposited. The process is
traversed horizontally to build a layer, and layers are
stacked vertically to create a part.

11. Types of 3D printing
Material Extrusion
• Material extrusion or fused deposition modelling (FDM)
uses a spool of filament which is fed to an extrusion head
with a heated nozzle. The extrusion head heats, softens
and lays down the heated material at set locations, where
it cools to create a layer of material, the build platform
then moves down ready for the next layer.

13. Types of 3D printing
Material Jetting
• Material jetting works in a similar manner to inkjet
printing except, rather than laying down ink on a page,
this process deposits layers of liquid material from one or
more print heads. The layers are then cured before the
process begins again for the next layer.

15. Types of 3D printing
Powder Bed Fusion
• Powder bed fusion (PBF) is a process in which
thermal energy (such as a laser or electron beam)
selectively fuses areas of a powder bed to form
layer, and layers are built upon each other to create
a part.
• One thing to note is that PBF covers both sintering
and melting processes.

17. Types of 3D printing
Sheet Lamination
• Sheet lamination can be split into two different
technologies, laminated object manufacturing (LOM) and
ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM). LOM uses
alternate layers of material and adhesive to create items
with visual and aesthetic appeal, while UAM joins thin
sheets of metal via ultrasonic welding. UAM is a low
temperature, low energy process that can be used with
aluminum, stainless steel and titanium.

20. Types of 3D printing
VAT Photopolymerization
• VAT photopolymerization can be broken down into two
techniques; stereolithography (SLA) and digital light
processing (DLP). These processes both create parts
layer-by-layer through the use of a light to selectively
cure liquid resin in a vat. SLA uses a single point laser or
UV source for the curing process, while DLP flashes a
single image of each full layer onto the surface of the vat.

23. How Long Does 3D Printing Take?
• The printing time depends on a number of factors,
including the size of the part and the settings used for
printing. The quality of the finished part is also important
when determining printing time as higher quality items
take longer to produce.

24. Advantages and Disadvantages of
3D Printing

25. Advantages Of 3D Printing
The advantages of 3D printing include:
Bespoke, cost-effective creation of complex geometries
Affordable start-up costs
Completely customizable
Ideal for rapid prototyping
Allows for the creation of parts with specific properties

26. Disadvantages Of 3D Printing
The disadvantages of 3D printing include:
Can have a lower strength than with traditional
manufacture
Increased cost at high volume
Increased cost at high volume
Post-processing requirements

27. 3D Printing Industries

28. 3D Printing Industries
1) Aerospace
• 3D printing is used across the aerospace (and astrospace)
industry due to the ability to create light, yet
geometrically complex parts, such as blisks.

29. 3D Printing Industries
2) Automotive
• The automotive industry has embraced 3D printing due to
the inherent weight and cost reductions. It also allows for
rapid prototyping of new or bespoke parts for test or
small-scale manufacture.

30. 3D Printing Industries
3) Medical
• The medical sector has found uses for 3D printing in the
creation of made-to-measure implants and devices.

31. 3D Printing Industries
4) Rail
• The rail industry has found a number of applications for
3D printing, including the creation of customized parts,
such as arm rests for drivers and housing covers for train
couplings.

32. 3D Printing Industries
5) Robotics
• The speed of manufacture, design freedom, and ease of
design customization make 3D printing perfectly suited to
the robotics industry.

33. BIOTECHNO
LOGY

34. BI
O
TECHNO
LOGY
Related to living
Organism
• Related to Mechanics
and Computing
• Is the use of techniques
and science to make
product or modify
process
BIOTECHN
OLOGY
• Uses living cells/organism to
develop or manipulate products for
specific purposes
• use of biology to develop new
products, methods and organisms
intended to improve human health
and society

35. BIOTECHNO
LOGY
• is thus linked to genetic engineering and
emerged as a field in its own right at the
beginning of the 20th century in the
food industry, which was later joined by
other sectors such as medicine and the
environment.
GENETIC
ENGINEERING
• works by modifying or interacting with
the genetic cell structures.
• This method is the foundation of
modern biotechnology practices and
recent advances. It enabled the first
direct manipulation of plant and animal
genomes, which is the complete set of
genes present in a cell.

36. Genetically modified
organisms (GMOs)
• living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially
manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering.

38. RED
BIOTECHNOLO
GY
• involves medical processes
WHITE OR
GRAY
BIOTECHNOLO
GY
• refers to industrial processes
GREEN
BIOTECHNOLOG
Y
• covers agricultural processes
GOLD
BIOTECHNOLO
GY
• also known as bioinformatics, is a
cross between biological
processes and informatics.

39. BLUE
BIOTECHNOLO
GY
• encompasses processes in marine and aquatic
environments
YELLOW
BIOTECHNOLO
GY
• refers to processes that aid food production
VIOLET
BIOTECHNOLOGY
• ensures the practice of biotechnology
DARK
BIOTECHNOLO
GY
• is the use of biotechnology for weapons or
warfare

40. APPLICATIONS OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
ENVIRONMENT
• To develop sustainable environmental practices that reduce
pollution and waste

41. ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOTECH
PHYTOREMEDIATION
- uses genetically engineered microorganisms to
purify soils of heavy metals and other pollutants
BIOREMEDIATION
- introduces micro organisms into waste sites in
order to organically break down nonrecyclable
waste
PLASTIC-EATING BACTERIA
- breaks down waste such as plastic in soils and
water.

42. ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOTECH
GMO FOODS
- stay fresher longer and reduce food waste
GENETIC RESTORATION
- attempts to restore endangered species such
as the American chestnut tree
COVER-CROPS
- such as corn are used as biofuels, replacing traditional
fuel sources that produce greenhouse gas emissions
when extracted and used

43. APPLICATIONS OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
MEDICINE
• Medical biotechnology, also known as biopharma, aims to fight and
prevent disease and improve healthcare. Biotechnology and biomedical
research are the basis of the modern pharmaceutical industry.

44. APPLICATIONS OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRY
• Industrial biotechnology involves using microorganisms to produce
industrial goods

45. APPLICATIONS OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
AGRICULTURE
• Agricultural biotechnology genetically engineers plants and animals to
produce more efficient agriculture, increase nutritional value and reduce
food insecurity.

46. EXOSKELE
TON

47. EXOSKELETON
• a hard outer layer that covers,
supports, and protects the body of
an invertebrate animal such as an
insect or crustacean
• Exoskeletons are wearable devices
that work in tandem with the user

48. EXOSKELETON
• Exoskeletons are placed on the
user’s body and act as amplifiers
that augment, reinforce or restore
human performance.
• The opposite would be a mechanical
prosthetic, such as a robotic arm or
leg that replaces the original body
part.

49. BENEFITS EXOSKELETON IN INDUSTRY
REDUCING THE STRESS AND
STRAIN
• Reducing the stress and strain on
the body cause by repetitive task
NEW OPPORTUNITIES
• Opening new opportunities to people
by combining ability to think and learn
with the power of machine

50. EXAMPLES OF EXOSKELETON
LOWE’S IRON MAN SUIT EKSOVEST
Provides mechanical assistance during strenuous activity
like lifting heavy loads. As the technology progresses,
these exoskeleton suits may provide additional strength
and speed.
Design to provide assistance for assembly line
workers and reduce injuries from repetitive tasks

51. EXAMPLES OF EXOSKELETON
CHAIRLESS CHAIR REWALK SUIT
Will allow you to sit down whenever and wherever
you are. Design for the line work require to be on
your feet for long period of time
Extremely light suit is one of the world’s most
advance exoskeletons. Allow paraplegics to
stand upright, walk and can also climb stairs,
using powered leg attachments controlled by
a wrist-mounted remote

52. EXAMPLES OF EXOSKELETON
ONYX EXO GLOVE POLY
Military and first responders are the target market for
Onyx Exoskeleton, which uses AI, gathers movement data
from users’ feet, knee and hip sensors and forwards it to
a control module stationed on the waist which instructs
the exoskeleton to move accordingly, Lockheed Martin
said on its site.
Soft robotic glove design to people with paralysis
regaining the use of their hand/s. the gloves allows
them to have enough motor control to grasp and
lift things up to a pound in weight

53. EXOSKELETON
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Allows Complex Movements
 Beneficial In Healthcare
 Protect The Worker In Hazardous
Conditions
Heavy and Bulky
Speed
Handgrip
Pressure Injuries
Price