4. Textbook, Reference and Bibliography
• Chapters:
– 10 Minor losses (friction loss
due to fittings and valves)
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Applied Fluid Mechanics. Robert
Mott 6th Edition
5. Textbook, Reference and Bibliography
• Section 2: Fluid Mechanics
– CH8: Transportation of Fluids
• Just the “Pipe, Fittings and Valves” part
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Unit Operation of Chemical
Engineering. McCabe 7th Edition
6. Textbook, Reference and Bibliography
• Many tables…
• Many Diagrams
• Check the booklet!
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7. AFD2 Block Overview
• Section 1: Pipe types and materials
– Pipe vs Piping
– Piping Material
• Material Roughness
– Piping Sizing
• Schedules
• BWG
• Section 2: Fittings & Flow Rate Measure
– Function of fittings
– Common Fittings used in Engineering
• Section 3: Valves
– Common Valves used in the industry
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10. Pipe, Pipeline, Piping, Tubing?
• Pipe = single unit of free laying pipe in
reference generally rigid, metal carries fluids
liquids or gas or vapor capable of handling
high temperature and pressure
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11. Pipe, Pipeline, Piping, Tubing?
• Piping = compound noun for pipe work in
general which includes a plurality of pipes,
joints, valves, unions and other related
equipment.
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12. Pipe, Pipeline, Piping, Tubing?
• Pipeline = generally long sections or lengths of
piping of larger diameters that run cross
country carrying oil, natural gas or even water
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13. Pipe, Pipeline, Piping, Tubing?
• Tube = Flexible pipe generally of non metals
generally temporary in use could carry fluids
in the ambient
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18. Common Piping Materials
– Steels (all types)
– Metals such as copper
– Alloys like brass/steel
– Plastics (PVC is pretty common)
– Ceramics
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19. Pipe Selection
• Factors
– Type of líquido
– Operation Conditions: P, T composition, Velocities
– Cost of Pipe
– Initial Investment
– Pipe Manteinance Cost
• Fluid type (Thumb Rule)
– Ligth 0.0-3.0 m/s
– Viscous 0.0-1.0 m/s
– Vapor (water) 10-15 m/s
– Gas 10-30 m/s
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24. Material Roughness
• All materials cutted by another material will
have imperfections
• This will create an non-uniform surface
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39. Pipe Sizing Exercise
• Find pipe size if
– Nominal D = 1 in
• Schedule 40 and 80
– Exterior Diameter
– Interior Diameter
– Wall Thickness
– Calculate the area needed to fit this pipe if L = 10 m
– Calculate the Transversal Area (Flow Area)
• Compare 40 and 80
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41. Pipe Sizing Exercise
• Find pipe size if
– Nominal D = 1 in
• Schedule 40 and 80
– Exterior Diameter 1.315
– Interior Diameter 1.049, 0.957 (40/80)
– Wall thickness 0.133, 0.179 (40/80)
– Calculate the area needed to fit this pipe if L = 10 m
• AREA Same since Outside Diameter is the same
– Calculate the Transversal Area (Flow Area) 0.494, 0.639
• Compare 40 and 80
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42. Need More Problems?
Check out the COURSE
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• Courses
MOMENTUM TRANSFER OPERATIONS
You’ll get SOLVED Problems, Quizzes, Slides, and
much more!
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44. Common Fittings
• Fittings are used for specific tasks
– Join pipes
– Split streams
– Increase/decrease size of pipes (diameters)
– Change direction (45º, 90º, 180º, etc.)
– Flow Rate measurements
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45. Fittings
• When using fittings:
– Use of tread seal tape made of
teflon (<2 in)
– Plastic Flanges (<2 in)
– Metallic Flanges (>2 in when
high vleocities)
– Welding (high pressure, high
velocity profile)
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60. Need More Problems?
Check out the COURSE
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
• Courses
MOMENTUM TRANSFER OPERATIONS
You’ll get SOLVED Problems, Quizzes, Slides, and
much more!
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70. Valves
• Control flow rate
– ON/OFF (0% or 100%)
– Control (0% to 100%)
– Safety
– Avoid reverse flow
• Decreasing Flow Rate Increase in Friction Loss
• Friction loss Increase Head of the System increases
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80. Need More Problems?
Check out the COURSE
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
• Courses
MOMENTUM TRANSFER OPERATIONS
You’ll get SOLVED Problems, Quizzes, Slides, and
much more!
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82. End of AFD2
• By now you should know:
– Piping System Materials
– Size and Material Importance when choosing Pipes
– Common Fittings used in Engineering
– The importance of Valves in Pipes
– Flow Rate Measurement Devices Types
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83. Questions and Problems
• Check out the SOLVED & EXPLAINED problems
and exercises!
– Don’t let this for later…
• All problems and exercises are solved in the
next webpage
– www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
• Courses
– Momentum Transfer Operations
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84. Contact Information!
• Get extra information here!
– Directly on the WebPage:
• www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com/courses
– FB page:
• www.facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
– My Twitter:
• www.twitter.com/ChemEngGuy
– Contact me by e-mail:
• Contact@ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
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