Conducting polymers based nanocomposites for flexible supercapacitors

1. Conducting polymers based
nanocomposites for
Flexible Supercapacitors
Supervisor: Prof J.Rangarajan
MMS801 Course presentation
By
Charu Lakshmi T R
174114006
MEMS, IIT Bombay.

2. Ragone Plot
Source : Blog of Tim Ashworth

3. Classification of Supercapacitors

4. Supercapacitors
www.ultracapacitors.orgSource: Wikipedia

5. Applications
Source: Maxwell Technologies

6. Why Flexibility is needed ??
Current Supercapacitors are

7. Nanocomposites
• Comprise of multi-phased materials
• At least one component in dimensions of nano-dimensions
They cab be classified into three divisions based on the
nature of matrix material
 Ceramic based Nanocomposites
 Metal based Nanocomposites and
 Polymer based Nanocomposites

8. ⁰ CNT
Conducting polymers
Source: [Snook et al; J Power Sources 196 (2011) 1]

9. Carbon Nanostructures

10. Fullerene reinforced nanocomposites
• High conductivity and low activation energy for ion diffusion.
• Unique π-electron conjugated system.
• Ease of production, improved properties and ductile nature.
• Fullerene is notoriously insoluble and adding a suitable
group can enhance solubility.
• By adding a polymerizable group, a fullerene polymer can be
obtained

11. • Xiong shanxin et al covalently bonded para-
phenylenediamine-
functionalized fullerene with PANI.
Source: [ ShanxinXiong et al, Electrochimica Acta 85, (2012)]

12. CNT reinforced nanocomposites
• High aspect ratio and large specific surface area, high
flexibility, low mass density.
• Strategically combined with other materials
• Relatively low percolation threshold
• Reduce the ESR of the composite
• CNTs are deposited onto a paper to obtain a conductive
electrode.(Liubing Dong et al).

13. • Meng et al Polymerised aniline on a mesoporous film of
CNT network of 25-30 micron thick.
• Pristine CNT and CNT /PANI composite , the capacitance
was 80F/g and 400 F/g at 200mA/g.
Scientific Reports volume 7, Article number: 43676
(2017)
Nano Lett., 2010, 10 (10), pp 4025–4031

14. Graphene
• Graphene is one of the most common 2D materials with a
honeycomb lattice structure
• atomically thin flakes with high surface area (theoretical value
2630 m2/g) and high in-plane electrical conductivity. (200,000
cm2V−1S−1).
• Modification via functionalisation gives graphene oxide (GO),
reduced graphene oxide (RGO), NH2-modified rGO and N-
doped rGO.

15. • Exhibits many oxygen containing functional groups like
carbonyl, hydroxyl on its basal planes and edges.
GO reinforced nanocomposites
• It is highly dispersible in water and compatible with polymers.
• Optimum amount of graphene oxide is included into
polyaniline matrix .
[source: ACS Appl. Energy. Mater.2018.1,707-714]

16. rGO reinforced nanocomposites
• rGO contains less number of functional groups retaining the
pi electron cloud.
• They tend to aggregate leading to unsatisfactory capacitive
performance
• Reduce GO sheets after nanocomposites are formed.
• Hang Sun et al tried In-situ polymerization of aniline on the
pre-formed rGO foam using APS as the oxidant.

17. Metal oxides reinforced nanocomposites
• Exhibit elevation in energy density
• Low electronic and ionic conductivity
• X. Fan et al electrodeposited MnO2 and polypyrrole, on a
carbon fibre cloth.
• Due to the effective electron pathways provided by the
carbon fibre cloth and established intimate contact between
Mno2 and ppy, robust conducting and stable electrodes were
obtained.

18. Summary
• Incorporate carbon nanomaterials with the ability to form
networks and retain mesoporosity.
• Delve into 2D materials, LDHs, 3D open structures etc
 So as to reduce the weight, cost and size of the
device

19. Thank You !!