waste water treatment in rural areas

1. SUSTAINABLE WASTE WATER TREATMENT TREATEMENT IN RURAL
AREAS BY USING OXIDATION PONDS
CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
Mr. BANU BALAKRISHNA BHARATH M.TECH,MIRED,MIAENG
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR & HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
by
c . chandrasekhar 184C5A0105

2. CONTENTS
• ABSTRACT
• INTRODUCTION
• OXIDIZATION PONDS
• MECHANISM
• DESIGN CRITERIA
• RESULTS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

3. ABSTRACT
• Oxidation pond is one of the biological systems which are used for the
treatment of waste water .it is considered as the secondary treatment method
by which natural purification and stabilization of wastewater like domestic
sewage trade waste and industrial effluents is accelerated .the biological
treatment process in oxidation pond mainly involves an interaction between
bacteria algae and other organisms .it efficiently removes bacteria
biodegradable organics , phosphorous and nitrogen present in the
wastewater which is going to be discharged to the reciving streams . In this
method 98% to 99% of BOD reduction in waste water is often possible

4. INTRODUCTION
• A stabilization pond is an natural or man made body of water.
• It is best suitable for communities whose population <= 10000
• It is more efficiency in tropical climate zone.
• These are Shallow, Duck, Earthern ponds provided with high embankment.
• They are rectangular in plan L:B (4:1) & depth 1mts to 1.5mts.

5. PARAMETERS OF WASTEWATER
• BOD
• COD
• TURBIDITY
• TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS
• OIL & GREESE

6. COLLECTION OF WASTE WATER
• WATER CARRIAGE SYSTEM
1.COMBINED SYSTEM
2. SEPARATE SYSTEM
3 . PARTIALLY SEPARATE SYSTEM

7. ESTIMATION OF DWF & WWF
 DRY WEATHER FLOW :
Domestic + industrial waste
Q = Population * Percapita water supply * factor
 WET WEATHER FLOW :
Strom water (during rains)
Q = AIR/360

8. DISPOSOL OF WASTEWATER
SEWARAGE SYSTEM
COMMUNITY COLLECTION TREATMENT DISPOSOL SOURCE
CONVEYANCE

9. TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER
• Treatment of waste water done by several methods like
1. physical water treatment
2. chemical water treatment
3. Biological water treatment
(a) Trickling filters
(b) Activated sludge process
(c) Oxidation ponds

10. PRINCIPLE OF OXIDATION POND
ALGAL –
BACTERIAL
SYMBIOSIS
ALGAE
O2
BACTERIA
CO2

11. GROWTH OF MICRO ORGANISMS IN
WASTEWATER
FOOD
&
GROWTH
GROWTH
FOOD
TIME

12. TYPES OF OXIDATION PONDS
• Aerobic ponds
• An aerobic ponds
• Facultative ponds

13. APPLICATIONS OF OXIDATIN POND
Type of pond Application
Aerobic Treatement of soluble organic waste from house holds.
An aerobic Treatement of domestic and industrial waste.
facultative Treatement of un treated screened waste water.

14. DESIGN OF OXIDATION PONDS
• Its based on
1. BOD loading rate.
2. Detention time.
• BOD loading rate:
• Surface area of oxidation pond = total BOD applied to pond /BOD loading rate
• Total BOD = Q * Y
• Detention time:
• Volume of oxidation pond V = Q * DT
• DT = 2 to 14 days

15. AEROBIC PONDS
• The aerobic ponds is shallow in which lite penetrates to the bottom there by
maintaining active algal photosynthesis through the entire system.
• Variation in DO & PH effects the entire process of the pond.
•

16. AN AEROBIC PONDS
• It takes high organic loading rate.
• The depth of the pond is 3 to 6 mts.

17. FACULTATIVE POND
• These are neither fully aerobic nor fully an arobic.
• These ponds are constructed 2 to 3mts.
• Such ponds are aerobic during day time & in the remaining hours bottom
may me anaerobic.

18. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DIS ADVANTAGES
• Simplicity to built operate and maintain. • Need large area.
• Low operational cost. • Limited and dependent on weather
• Good quality on effluent • Quality of effluent varies

19. RESULTS
PARAMETERS DOMESTIC WASTE WATER STANDARDS OF DISPOSAL
(IS5600:2002)
BOD <20 mg/l <25 mg/l
COD < 250 mg/l < 300 mg/l
OIL/GREASE <10 mg/l < 15 mg/l
TOTAL SOLIDS < 100 mg/l < 115 mg/l

20. CONCLUSION
• Its suitable to handle gray water in the village.
• Waste stabilization ponds are very important waste treatment that is having
great results today.
• The researches and the experiments that have been made demonstrate that
this method of improving waste water quality is of low cost simple and good
pathogenic removal.
• The efficiency of removal of about 96-98% in our Indian climatic conditions

21. REFERENCES
• 1. Alexiou, G.E. & Mara, D.D. (2003). Anaerobic waste stabilization ponds, A low cost
contribution to a sustainable wastewater reuse cycle. Applied Biochemistry &
Biotechnology, Vol no. (109-110), 241.
• 2. Arridge, H., Oragui, J.I., Pearson, H.W., Mara, D.D. and Silva, S.A. (1995). Vibrio
Cholerae 01 and Sallmonellae removal compared with the die-off of faecal indicator
organisms in waste stabilization ponds in northeast Brazil. Water Science
Technology, 31 (12), pp.249.
• 3. Dawson, R.N. and Grainge, J.W. (1969). Proposed design criteria for waste water
lagoons in arctic or subartic regions J. Wat. Pollut control fed 41, 237.