water treatment

1. TOPIC OF PRESENTATION
WATER TREATMENT
MODULE SUPERVISOR
Dr. J. O. UGWU
MODULE CODE
CBE 4030
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

2. PRESENTED BY:
Marium Alnaimi
ID - 202117619
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

3. ABSTRACT
Water treatment process removes the existing contaminants in the water or
lessen the concentration of such contaminants so the water becomes fit for
required its end use. Water can be taken from a lot of sources mentioned in
the upcoming slide. After that environmental sustainability of water
treatment is discussed. Some of the water treatment techniques discussed in
detail are physical, chemical, and biological.
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

4. WATER TREATMENT
Water treatment has to be done to make water more acceptable for a desired
end use. The process include removal of undesirable chemicals, biological
contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water so the
water becomes fit for its desired end-use.
The objective for the development of the water treatment system:
• Safe drinking water production.
• Medical pharmacological applications.
• Chemical and industrial applications
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

5. Sources of water
• Ground water
• Upland lakes and reservoirs
• River canals and low land reservoirs
• Ocean
• Surface water
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

6. Reasons for treating water and basic
requirement of water
• There are some contaminants that can be identified by taste (salty, disagreeable),
appearance (turbidity, colour), and smell (odour).
• Numerous pathogenic and toxic contaminants require routine laboratory tests for
detection.
Water should be:
• Possess no harmful microorganisms capable of causing disease. No element or chemical
present at amounts that could have a short-term or long-term negative impact on human
health.
• Be pleasing to the eye and free from offensive colour, flavour (such as salty), and odour.
• Not result in corrosion, scale development, or colour change
• not be too hot or too cold for the consumers
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

7. Water treatment environmental sustainability issues and solution:
• The portions of water purification cartridges are sealed together using spin-welding and ultrasonic
welding rather than hot-plate welding, and wasted water is recycled for testing new units. When
compared to the latter, the former has resulted in significant water savings without sacrificing testing
efficacy, while saving time, increasing reliability, and using less energy overall.
• An online carbon footprint calculator has been set up to calculate each product's carbon emissions as
part of a comprehensive approach to "environmental effect." It considers the anticipated water
consumption, consumables, accessories, product delivery, number of required services, as well as an
evaluation of the mode of transportation.
• This method enables product comparisons and identifies the carbon-producing processes so that
different solutions can be taken into consideration.The types and suppliers of the components used in
manufacturing and production, as well as the use of energy- and/or water-efficient procedures, all
directly lessen the environmental impact. Also taken into account are regionalized distribution centres,
decreased product packaging, and lower carbon sea as opposed to air travel.
• The water treatment technologies chosen will have a significant impact on water and power
consumption over the life of a water purification system. Each consumable will have an
environmental impact. Overall, the goal is to extend the life of the components and improve system
reliability. Other operational aspects include a 5% reduction in power usage per product and a 12%
reduction in product waste water per unit.
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

8. Water treatment helps us achieve environmental sustainability in the
following ways:
• Trash Volume Reduction - The amount of waste released into the ecosystem is decreased
as a result of water treatment.
• Generating energy - During this procedure, biogas is created. Biogas has a significant
amount of methane, which can be used to produce energy to run the water treatment
facility.
• Clean Water supply source The world's water supplies are depleting at an alarming
rate. The anticipated population growth in the upcoming years cannot be supported by the
current water resources.
• Synthesis of fertilizer - After being decanted and dried, the biomass created during the
sludge phase is transformed into organic fertiliser.
• Disease reduction - About 97% of the contaminants in water that could be extremely
dangerous if consumed are removed during the water treatment process.
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

9. Water Treatment Techniques
Physical techniques
• Filtration
• Sedimentation
• Distillation
Biological techniques
• Slow sand filters
• Biologically active carbon
Chemical techniques
• Flocculation and coagulation
• Chlorination
The use of electromagnetic radiation
• Use of Ultraviolet light
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

10. Water treatment process
• Chemical injection - Carefully monitored during the treatment process to
maintain the maximum efficiency.
i. Chlorine – effective disinfectant best used on warmer water
ii. Ammonia – used to limit disinfection by-product caused by chlorine.
iii. Potassium Permanganate – controls color, taste and odors.
iv. Acids and caustics – used to control pH level of water
• Ozone disinfection – control of carbon based material in water.
• Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation – use of light to destroy microbes in water.
• Flocculation – Add chemicals to water to coagulate suspended solids and become
larger to be removed by filter.
• Sedimentation – low flow velocity basins allowing solids to drop out.
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

11. • Rapid sand filters – passing water through sand beds to remove solids.
• Slow sand filters – graded layer of sand filters water as it passes.
• Activated carbon absorption – use absorption to capture organics.
• Membrane filtration – operate at the molecular level.
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12. Reverse osmosis in water treatment plant
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MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)

13. • Distillation – separate water from impurity by phase change.
• Aeration – increase oxygen content, reduce CO2 and remove hydrogen
sulphide, methane and other volatile compounds.
• Chemical treatment of water to disinfectant – chemical baths to disinfect
water as final process.
• Final treatment of water as regulated by the Environmental Protection
Agency.
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14. REFERENCES 14
MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)
• Alom, M., n.d. Water Treatment. [Online]
Available at: https://www.academia.edu/35050623/Water_Treatment
• Ayyub, M., 2015. Water purification plant. [Online]
Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/MubashirAyyub/water-purification-plant
• French, J. B., n.d. Slide Player. [Online]
Available at: https://slideplayer.com/slide/7039510/
• Maluris, 2009. Water Treatment. [Online]
Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/maluris/water-treatment
• WHITEHEAD, D. P., 2020. Minimizing Environmental Impacts of Water
Purification. [Online]
Available at: https://www.elgalabwater.com/blog/minimizing-environmental-impacts-
water-purification

15. THANK YOU! 15
MARIAM ALNAIMI (ID-202117619)