A presentation done on types of microorganisms used in Biopesticides

1. Microorganisms Bio Pesticide
Production
B V C M Benaragama

2. What are Biopesticides?
Pesticides manufactured via biological methods, including
naturally occuring substances, microbes or plant material.

3. “Biopesticides include,
1. Naturally occurring substances that control
pests,
2. Microorganisms that control pests,
3. Pesticidal substances produced by plants
containing added genetic material (PIPs).”
-United States Environmental Protection Agency-

4. Types of microbial
Biopesticides
1. Bacterial Biopesticides
2. Viral Biopesticides
3. Fungal Biopesticides
4. Protozoan Biopesticides

5. Bacterial Biopesticides

6. 1. Bacillus thuringiensis
● Most commonly used type of
bacterial pesticide.
● Naturally occurring soil-borne
bacteria
● Different subspecies are used
for different insect pests.

7. Mechanism
● The bacteria consists of a spore, in
which a toxic protein crystal is
present.
● When consumed the protein crystal
released to highly alkaline gut of the
insect, blocks the system that protect
insects gut from its own gastric juices.
● The stomach will collapse and the
insect will die
● Do not affect vertebrates, because
they have acidic stomach

8. Applications

9. 2. Bacillus sphaericus
● Naturally occurring soil-borne
bacteria.
● Commonly used against
mosquito larvae.
● Not effective against dengue
vector, Aedes aegypti,
mosquitoes

10. Mechanism
● The bacteria consists toxic protein
crystals.
● When consumed the protein crystal
released to larvae midgut.
● The proteins will bind to wall od the
midget and start destroying it
● Eventually the larvae dies.

11. Viral Biopesticides

12. Baculoviridae
● Baculoviruses are pathogens that
attack insects and other arthropods
● Usually extremely small
● Composed primarily of double-stranded
DNA that codes for genes needed for
virus establishment and reproduction

13. Mechanism
● Involves two types of virions
● One is occluded and is adapted for
stability outside the host insect and
for infection of midgut cells.
● Budded virions are not occluded and
spread the infection from cell to cell
within the insect
● To initiate an infection, the occluded
virions must infect midgut cells.

14. APPLICATIONS
● The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a major pest of cotton
● a granulovirus of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (CpGV) has been used
for the control of the insect on pear and apple crops
● a virus that infects the velvet bean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), a pest
of soybeans

15. Fungal Biopesticides

16. Beauveria bassiana
● Beauveria bassiana is a fungus
which causes a disease known as
the white muscadine disease in
insects
● Many soil insects, however, may
have a natural tolerance to this
pathogen

17. Mechanism
● When spores of this fungus come in
contact with the cuticle of insects,
they germinate and grow directly
through the cuticle to the inner body
of their host
● the fungus proliferates throughout the
insect's body, producing toxins and
draining the insect of nutrients,
eventually killing it.
● infect the insect with contact and do
not need to be consumed by their
host to cause infection

18. APPLICATIONS
● Used against,
○ Aphids
○ Grasshoppers
○ Stink bugs
○ Termites
○ Fire ants
○ Flies
○ Beetles

19. Protazoa Biopesticides

20. Advantages
1. Specific to the target pest
2. Less toxic than the
conventional one
3. Effective in small quantities
4. Decompose quickly
5. Less resistance
Disadvantages
1. Slow Kills
2. Less effectiveness
3. Shorter residual activity

21. Questions?