The Internet of Things
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An overview of the Internet of Things, its technologies, protocols, and research directions.
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The Internet of Things
- 1. The Internet of Things by Carlos Lemus Not Just a Fancy Lightbulb
- 2. What is IOT? Why IOT? Research @ AU How to Get Started
- 3. Four Key Ingredients Perception Communication Analytics Application
- 4. PERCEPTION Sensors Cameras Traffic Data Apple Pay (NFC)
- 6. Some Key Communication Protocols/Technologies 6LoWPAN Low-power Mesh-network capable No direct Internet connectivity Similar to ZigBee, no mesh Version 4.2 allows IPv6 Master-Slave Structure Combined advantages of mesh networking and Internet connectivity. High power consumption. Allows internet connectivity in resource-constrained devices through packet compression. Improvement on current IPv4, allows for many more addresses. IPv6
- 7. IPv6 • IPv4 is 32-bit 232 ≅ 4 billion addresses • IPv6 is 128-bit 2128 ≅ 3.4 x 1038 addresses Number of atoms on the surface of the earth: ~1.26𝑥1034 So there are more IPv6 addresses than there are atoms on the surface of the earth! 3.4𝑥1038 > 1.26 𝑥 1034
- 9. Big Data Gather Data Distributed Processing Derive patterns, make projections
- 10. Distributed Analytics Machine Learning Artificial Neural Networks
- 11. Application Remote Control/Monitoring User Validation Service Activation Personal Recommendations
- 12. But why?
- 13. Healthcare
- 14. Traffic Control
- 15. Energy Savings
- 16. And many other uses! * Supply Chain Management * Industrial Control Systems * Shopping Experiences ….
- 17. Research at Auburn Cyber Center Distributed Data Analytics -How to have different layers “talk” to each other. Security & Privacy -How to know which devices should be trusted -How to integrate security systems in very low-power devices Identity Sensing - What are the safest/most efficient ways of identifying a person or group of persons inside of an environment?
- 18. How to Get Started SparkCore – http://spark.io - Arduino-based platform, cloud service provided. - Easy to program and prototype with. Intuitive Web IDE
- 19. Questions? My info: ◦ carlos@auburn.edu ◦ http://carlosaln.wordpress.com - video + slides Cyber Research Center: http://cyber.auburn.edu
Editor's Notes
- The Internet of Things is an emerging trend that deals with the exponential growth of devices that use the Internet. The typical example is a lightbulb that you can switch on and off, and many people think that that’s what it’s about: remote control. But we’ve had remotes for a long time, so what’s all the hype about? Today I hope to persuade you that the Internet of Things is a worthwhile subject, and that it is not just about a fancy lightbulb.
- There are four main ingredients to IoT: perception, communication, analytics, and application, so let me go into more detail for each of these. Pic 1: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AMC-Analytics-icon.png
- The first component of IoT (and the one closest to us) is Perception. Perception is made up of everything that allows us to gather information from the world—both physical and virtual. For example, temperature and humidity sensors are used to determine just how hot it feels; cameras are used both for surveillance and monitoring of processes; GPS data is gathered to determine traffic conditions; and even technologies that don’t require a power source (such as NFC) are used to exchange payment information.
- We want to use the physical/virtual data that we gather, but in order to process it we must transport it. That’s what the communication aspect of IoT deals with. Pic: https://flic.kr/p/93Coc9
- Currently these are some of the most popular communication technologies and protocols used in IoT. ZigBee – a low power protocol stack used to create personal area networks with low power devices. Its ability to send information across mesh networks in a multi-hop fashion makes it ideal for wireless sensor networks. Bluetooth – also allows for personal area networks, but uses a single-master, multiple-slave architecture (no mesh). WiFi – WiFi allows for high speed data rates, but uses a relatively high amount of power consumption. 6LoWPAN – 6LoWPAN is an answer to the problem of huge IPv6 packets. Dealing with them requires a considerable amount of power and memory capabilities (which small sensing devices often don’t have). The protocol was conceived by the Internet Engineering Task Forcea child of the non-profit “the Internet Society” IPv6 – an answer to the problem of limited IPv4 addresses. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_IPv6_launch_logo.svg
- Cloud and Big Data play an enormous role in IoT. In fact, sensing the world would serve no purpose unless the data was processed and analyzed. Word Cloud from http://www.tagxedo.com/ based on Internet of Things Wikipedia Article
- Data from these billions of devices is processed in large data centers where patterns can be derived and projections can be made. Image: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/blog/no-need-for-angst-over-analytics-09-may-2013
- More interestingly, analytics can be performed in a layered fashion. From the local sensor level all the way to the distributed cloud, data could be interpreted and a processed version passed on to the next layer. One of the challenges in this sort of scenario is how do you parse the same data
- Finally, IoT has one goal: to provide services. This can be done in the form of monitoring the temperature of your home from far away, only allowing specific people to interact with certain items in a room, or feeding your cat from far away. Pic: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NetworkOperations.jpg Pic 2: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CITIB-56.jpg Pic 3: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACat_feeder.jpg
- Both pics from http://www.spark.io