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Formulating Learning Objectives.pdf
- 1. Formulating Learning Objectives Angela Camille Uka Principles of Teaching 1
- 3. Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Objectives 1. 2. Three Types of Objectives and their Domains of Learning 3. Four Tips for Writing an Effective Learning Objective 4Parts 4. Analysis Sample of a Learning Objective
- 4. Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Objectives Part1
- 5. "Beginwiththeendinthemind" This implies that we need to have clearly defined objectives in our lesson. These objectives give our lesson a purpose, a goal in which we need to aim at the end of a class period. The objectives are like our destination in a long and winding road. If we know where our destination is, then all we need to do is to think and perform ways to reach it. Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Objectives
- 6. Sharelessonobjectivewith students If we teachers inform our students about today’s lesson objectives, it gives students the idea the “we are all in this together”. Learning becomes collaborative and is not solely controlled by the teacher. It gives the students as well the opportunity to embrace the objectives both as their personal or even class target. That at the end of the period, they are expected to achieve these targets making them more motivated to learn. Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Objectives
- 7. Objectivesmustbeholistic. These must include the three domains namely cognitive (knowledge skills), psychomotor (skills objectives) and affective (attitudinal objectives). For our students to become well-rounded individuals, we need to address each domain, most especially the affective domain, for them to make learning more meaningful. Learning, without embracing it, just becomes repetition of facts, thus no significant change happened to the learners. Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Objectives
- 8. Makethelessonobjectivesrelevant tostudents’ lives. As teachers, we need to explain to our students that the lesson objectives are applicable in our lives, that what we teach are useful in their homes, in school or in their future work. With our lesson objective becoming our students’ lesson objective, too, our students will be self- propelled as we teach. Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Objectives
- 9. Ourlessonobjectivemustcoincidewith thegeneralaimsoftheConstitutionas wellasthevisionandmissionofthe DepartmentofEducationandthe educationalinstitution The objectives, even in the classroom level, still must contribute to the realization of the vision and mission statement of the school, the department and the general aim as a whole based on the Constitution. Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Objectives
- 10. Lessonobjectivesmustaimfor higher-orderedthinkingskills. Our objectives should not be settled on merely repetition of facts. To make our students life-long learners, we need them to develop critical and creative skills so that they will not just receive existing knowledge rather generate new knowledge and ideas. We need to teach students not what to learn, but how to learn. Metacognition should be also developed. Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Objectives
- 11. Foraccountabilityoflearning, lessonobjectivesmustbe SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bounded. Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Objectives
- 12. Three Types of Objectives and their Domains of Learning Part2
- 13. KnowledgeObjectives(Cognitive Domain) Refers to facts and terms, concepts, generalizations and theories. Example sentence: At the end of this session, learners will be able to describe the key features of hypertension in adults. Three Domains of Learning Example Action verbs: List, Identify Select, Give example, Describe, Name, Tell, Outline, Explain, State, Summarize, Distinguish
- 14. SkillObjectives(Psychomotor Domain) Refers to a wide range of cognitive (mental), physical and emotional skills including science processes, critical thinking, problem solving, decision making, communication, research, mathematical, psychomotor and interpersonal relations Example Action verbs: Compare, Observe, Apply, Solve, Contrast, Draw, Show, Operate, Infer, Practice, Construct, Prepare, Analyze, Illustrate, Modify, Demonstrate, Categorize, Manipulate, Predict, Model Three Domains of Learning Example sentence: At the end of the training session, learners will be able to insert a cannula into a vein accurately without causing a haematoma.
- 15. AttitudinalObjectives(Affective Domain) Refers to feelings, beliefs, dispositions, opinions, and values. Three Domains of Learning Example Action verbs: Express, Clarify, Support, Interpret, Evaluate, Appraise, Conclude, Criticize, Judge, Debate, Justify, Feel Example sentence: At the end of the communications skills course, learners will be able to demonstrate awareness of cultural
- 16. Four Tips for Writing an Effective Learning Objective Part3
- 17. Itshoulddescribethe student'sperformance. 1. Guidelines for Writing Effective Learning Objectives
- 18. 2.Itshoulddecribewhatthe studentshouldbeabletodoor produce. Guidelines for Writing Effective Learning Objectives
- 19. 3.Itshoulddescribetheconditions inwhichtheperformancesshould occur. Extools, environment, circumstances. Guidelines for Writing Effective Learning Objectives
- 20. 4.Itshouldcontainindicatorsof howwellthestudentmust performtobeconsidered successful. Guidelines for Writing Effective Learning Objectives
- 21. Analyzing a Sample Learning Objective Part4
- 22. Puttingtogetherfourtips... Sample lesson objective: Given a Model 12 keyboard and standard tool kit, the student is able to disassemble the keyboard down to the frame within ten minutes. Guidelines for Writing Effective Learning Objectives