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1. Private company- this is a company that is owned by people and shareholders
who has money and is not controlled by the government. An advantage of this is
that it gives better quality products. Private ownership can lead to problems
such as cultural decay.
Public service broadcasting
 Companies that produce content not for personal gain
 Includes news
 Can be state owned
 Commercially owned by using product placement.

Multinationals
 Owned by larger companies that operate in multiple countries or could
own lots of small companies.
 Problems such as change in laws and regulations in countries, hard to
focus on multiple companies in different countries.
 Less choice for consumer too much power to small number of people.
Independent media
 Any form of media like radio, Internet and newspaper.
 Free of influence from the government.
 Started as independent blog until 2011
 Blitz game studios were formed in 1990 as interactive studios. They
created a range of games using people’s intellectual property.
Conglomerates
 Example-large Media Company with multiple branches.
 Time warner own lots of different branches such as HBO and DC
Voluntary or not for profit organisations are
Organisations that work together for social change, people can volunteer to
work for them. Company based in York raise funds for disabled community.
Wikipedia ask for funds to keep their service up and running. Anyone can
contribute to the company.
BBFC
Diversification
Structures
Horizontal integration
Organisations that own more than one company at the same production, this is
closely the same to cross media ownership.
Disadvantage-lose any reputation for specialising in more than one thing.

2. Cross media
Organisation owns more than one type of Media Company like TV or print.
Kerrang is an example, as they own companies with different media branches.
Distribute some content but in different form of media.
Diversification
Run lots of companies in sectors, that is random and do not relate to the starting
media company
Advantage-more consumers
Disadvantage-no control
Horizontal integration
- Companies that have their own production and disruption.
Vertical integration
Company’s different levels of production
Advantage-company gets more money
Disadvantage-controlled
Companies owned by different shares the more shares the more money. The
better the company is doing the higher the price.
Horizontal
Advantages- lots of money/increased profits
Large range of consumer interest
Disadvantages- reduced choice for audience
Reduced competition
Reduction of media morality
Vertical
Advantage-
Disadvantages-
Cross media regulation
20% stake in UK
By allowing organisations to have 20% stake it allows more competition within
the market.

3. Income stream
Sources of income
Direct selling of product
Sponsorships
Magazine ad
TV programs
Virgin media
Bundle
Events
SKY UK Limited
Income stream
Broadband
Sky Go- £5 month subscription
Digibox
Personal video recorder
3D TV
Diverse products
Sky Digibox