The “title” should be descriptive, direct, accurate, appropriate, interesting, concise, precise, and unique, and should not be misleading. The “abstract” needs to be simple, specific, clear, unbiased, honest, concise, precise, stand-alone, complete, scholarly, (preferably) structured, and should not be misrepresentative. The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A good title contains the fewest possible words needed to adequately describe the content and/or purpose of your research paper.
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• The title occupies an exclusive place in the
text as it immediately captures the reader’s
attention and influences his/her decision to
read the paper or not.
• It’s a good idea to take advantage of this
fact and create a concise, informative, and
catchy title that will draw the reader in.
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• A good title informs the reader accurately about the
contents of the article.
• The main responsibility of a title is to explain what the
article is about without misleading or establishing
wrong expectations.
• Make sure it doesn’t include anything that your reader
won’t be able to find in the paper.
1. A good title predicts the content of the research
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The Usual Way
“Factors Affecting Love and Hate among
Marriage Relationships”
The New way
• “The Love and Hate Dynamics among Marriage
Relationships: An Interview Study”,
1. A good title predicts the content of the research
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• To make the title interesting, attention-grabbing, and
easy to read, use words that create a positive
impression and stimulate the reader’s interest.
• However, be careful if you want to include a catchy
phrase. When trying to add some zest, make sure your
title conveys information in an unambiguous and
precise manner, communicates the message clearly,
and doesn’t encourage multiple interpretations.
2. A good title should be interesting to the reader
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The Usual Way
“Development of Thematic Assessment
Material to Improve Student Performance”
The New Way
“Assessing from Experiences: Using Thematic
Approach to Improve Learning Autonomy”,
2. A good title should be interesting to the reader
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• It’s very important to define the tone of your research
in the title and keep it throughout the paper. If it’s a
serious and conventional academic study, avoid a
casual or fun title containing ornate or conversational
language.
• It is better to avoid amusing or hilarious titles for
research articles. Although they might attract some
initial attention, findings in articles with amusing or
humorous titles are usually taken less seriously and are
cited less often. (Bavdekar, 2016)
3. The title must reflect the tone of writing
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• Keywords are important words and concepts that
are frequently used in your research paper. Using
them in the title will let you introduce the topic,
problem, or solution right away.
4. It contains important keywords
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The Usual Way
“Developing a Digital Approach for Marketing”
According to Gustavi, this title is not very effective as
it reveals the topic studied only at the end. He advises
placing keywords at the beginning of the title.
4. It contains important keywords
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The New Way
“Time for a Marketing Curriculum Overhaul:
Developing a Digital-First Approach”
“Marketing Сurriculum is Dead: Developing a
Digital-First Approach”,
4. It contains important keywords
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The New Way
“Time for a Marketing Curriculum Overhaul:
Developing a Digital-First Approach”
“Marketing Сurriculum is Dead: Developing a
Digital-First Approach”,
5. It contains important keywords
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• APA recommends that your title be no
more than 12 words in length. If it’s too
long, there may be too many
unnecessary words.
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The Usual Way
“Social Influence: Testing the Predictive Power of Its
Dimensions in Explaining the Intention to Use Mobile
Learning Systems in Universities — Empirical Evidence
from Ugandan Universities” (18 content words)
The Shortened Way
“Testing the Predictive Power of Using Mobile
Learning Systems and its impact on Social
Dimensions in Ugandan Universities” (12 content
words)
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The Usual Way
“An Empirical Examination of the Effect of Self-Regulation and
the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)
Factors on the Online Learning Behavioural Intention of College
Students” (16 content words)
The Shortened Way
“How Students Behave in Online Learning?: The Effects
of Self-Regulation and the Unified Theory of
Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)”
(12 content words)
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• Avoid non-specific phrases such as ‘a
study to investigate, ‘a review of, ‘a
report on’. These phrases are too
obvious and generally unnecessary.
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The Usual Way
“A Study to Investigate the Relationship between Locus
of Control and Academic Achievement of Students
The Revised Way
• The Relationship between Locus of Control and
Academic Achievement of Students
• Self-belief and Learning Outcomes: Pragmatic
Experiences of Late Bloomers
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The Usual Way
“A Study to Investigate the Relationship between Locus
of Control and Academic Achievement of Students
The Revised Way
• Locus of Control and Academic Achievement:
What does research say about its relationship?
• Self Belief: How it Affects Students’ Academic
Achievement?
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• Stay active. Use active verbs and structures
instead of Passive Voice and complex noun-
based phrases, which may distract the reader’s
attention.
• According to Gustavii, turning the noun into a
verb makes a sentence more dynamic.
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The Passive Way
“Perspectives on Effective Coaching by Those Who
Have Been Coached”
The Active Way
“Effective Coaching: Perspectives from the
Experiences of Beginning Teachers”
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The Passive Way
“The Dynamics of Cognitive Performance: What Has
Been Learnt from Empirical Research in Science
Education”
The Active Way
“Learning through Dynamics of Cognitive
Performance: Improving the Delivery of Science
Education”
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• Instead of asking, answer. Titles
containing a question mark, a colon, or
a hyphen were associated with a lower
number of citations (Paiva et al., 2012)
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The Question Form
“Do the Big-Five Personality Traits Predict Empathic
Listening and Assertive Communication?”
The Answer Form
“Using the Big-Five Personality Traits to Predict
Empathic Listening and Assertive
Communication”
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The Question Form
“Contextual Influences on the Role of Evidence in
Health Policy Development: What Can We Learn from
Six Policies in India and Nigeria?”
The Answer Form
“Learnings from the Contextual Influences on
the Role of Evidence in Health Policy
Development of India and Nigeria”
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• Avoid abbreviations and jargon. The use of non-standard
abbreviations in the title distracts and disturbs the reader.
• If acronyms must be used in the title, it is advisable to spell
them out, unless they are universally known, such as NASA or
WWF. Otherwise, there is a possibility that readers not
familiar with the acronym might skip the article altogether.
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The Question Form
“The Discourse of QDAS: Reporting Practices of
ATLAS.ti and NVivo Users with Implications for Best
Practices?”
• These abbreviations can cause confusion
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• Titles with jargon or too many technical words are
considered uninteresting, unnecessarily complex, and
difficult to read. They may confuse the readers, inducing
them to ignore the article altogether.
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Writing a title is not a piece of cake, but it’s worth
making the effort. Keep in mind the characteristics and
tips you’ve learned and create an informative and
concise title that will grab the reader’s full attention.