Bougainvillea for landscape use.

1. DIVISION OF FLORICULTURE & LANDSCAPING
ICAR-INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, NEW DELHI
BABITA SINGH
SCIENTIST
Use of Bougainvillea in Landscape Gardening

2.  Flowering plants
 Family –Nyctaginaceae
 Species-14
 Horticulturally important-B. glabra,B.spectabilis,B.peruviana
B.buttiana
 Native -South America.
 Introduced in India in 1860 as B. spectabilis
(RHSI, Calcutta)
 Growth habit and modified leaves called bracts
 Most favorite garden plant
 Urban and peri-urban landscaping

3.  Although, Bougainvillea has originated in South America, but
approximately 50% of the present day cultivars were evolved and
produced in India.
 The Division of Floriculture and Landscaping of IARI is a pioneering
centre of Bougainvillea besides, NBRI, Lucknow; IIHR, Bangalore;
CAZRI, Jodhpur; BARC, Mumbai.
 Division of Floriculture and Landscaping IARI, New Delhi has been
recognized as the International Registration Authority for Bougainvilleas
by Royal Horticultural Society, U.K, since, 1966.
 The division is one of the major repository centre and more than 100
cultivars of bougainvilleas are conserved here with different colour,
thorny, thornless, variegated, bicoloured, multibracted etc.
 The varieties evolved at IARI include Dr. R.R. Pal, Stanza, Summer
Time, Sonnet, Spring Festival and Vishakha.
 Three new cultivars of bougainvillea Dr. P.V. Sane, Leah Nagpal and
Geoffrey Nagpal have been registered in this year at IARI repository.

4. View International Registration Authority of Bougainvillea

6.  To break the monotony of the dry walls.
 Suitable cv- Dr. R.R.Pal, Mary Palmer, Partha, Jubilee,
Surekha, LMB, Shubhra etc.

7. Shubhra
LMB

8.  Suitable Cv- Bengum Ali Yuwar Jung , Mary
Palmer, Sonnet, Mahara,Dr.R.R.Pal etc.

9. Blondie
Mahara

10.  It can be used in group planting in the garden
 Cv.-Tomato Red, Chitra, Cherry blossom, Arjuna,
Gopal, Flame, Begum Sikander, Mahara variegated
etc.

11. Cherry Blossom
Tomato Red

12.  To break the monotony
 Gives conspicuous effect to the landscape
 Cv.Dr.R.R.Pal,Parthasarthy,DR,H.B.Singh,Mahara,
Thimma etc.

13. Thimma
Dr.H.B.Singh

14.  Trained in specially constructed frames of desired
shapes for making topiary.
 Cv-New Red, Lady Richard, Happiness, Perfection,
Cherry blossom,Parthasarthy,Purple Star etc.

15.  They form compact, thorny, beautiful hedge
 Cv.- Dr. R.R. Pal, Mary Palmer,
Shubhra, Thimma, Partha, Parthsarthy etc.

16. Dr.B.P.Pal
Partha

17.  As a standard provide real spectrum to the
garden.
 Restricted the apical growth and making an
umbrella.
 Cv-Mahatma Gandhi, Sensation
Rose Queen, Spring Festival
Refulgens, Jayalakshmi
Speciosa, Summer Time etc.

18. Refulgens
Summer Time

19.  Grow very well in all kind of containers
 For interior decoration as a pot plant
 Beautify verandah, rooms, window
boxes, terraces.
 Cv. Chitra, Jaya Lakshmi,
Summer Time, Formosa, Happiness,
Vishakha,Lady Richard,Zakiriana
Stanza,Tomatao Red etc.

20. Stanza
Vishakha
Mary Palmer Special
Mahatma Gandhi

21.  Trained in the form of cascade by training the potted
plant on a frame made of bamboo sticks.
 For cascade drooping habbit cv are suitable .
 It has so much flexibility of shoots.
 Cv. Thimma, Golden Glow, Shubhra ,Begum Sikander
Dog star, Palekar, Isabel Green Smith,Zakiriana etc.

22. Zakiriana
Red September
Dr Rao
Gangaswamy

23.  Vigorous cultivars are trained to cover.
 Cv. Los Banos Beauty, Golden Glory, Shweta,
Yellow Queen, Cherry Blossom, Walker, Rose
ville’s delight, Singapore Red, Mahara, Partha,
Shubhra etc.

24. Roseville’s Delight
Sweet Heart
Singapore Red

25. Cv. For Trees
 Glory, Purple Star, Dr.R.R.Pal, Meera, Gopal, Pink
Beauty, Spring Festival,Radha etc.
Cv. For Slopes
 Blondie, Shubra, Glabra, Cherry blossom, Enid
Lancsater, Lilac Perfection. etc.

26. Blondie
Los Banos Beauty
Radha

27. Pink Beauty
Torch Glory
Pixie Variegated

28.  For ornamental novelty.
 Suitable for balconies and verandahs.
 Giving uniform ball type effect.
 Cv-Glabra variegated,Dr.H.B.Singh, Paleker,Dr.R.R.Pal
Jawahar Lal Nehru, Sanderiana etc.

29. Varietal Wealth at IARI
White
Shubhra, Mary Palmer, Shweta, Snow Queen, Jennifer
Fernie ,Pearl etc.
Yellow
Golden Glory, Golden Glow, Lady Mary Baring, Yellow
Queen, Enid Lancaster etc.
Orange
Lousie Wathen, Camarillio Fiesta, Flame, Scarlet
Queen, Srinivasa, Archana, Zakiriana, Roseville’s
Delight etc.
Purple
Asia, Gopal, Jayalakshmi, Mr. H. C. Buck, Sonnet,
Spring Festival, Gillian Greensmith, Manohar chandra,
Sweet Heart etc.

30. Pink
Los Banos Beauty, Lady Hudson of Ceylon, Pink Beauty, Sensation, Enid
Lancaster, Dog star, Mahatama Gandhi, Cascade, Lady Mountbatten,
Poultoni Special, Princess Margaret Rose etc.
Bicoloured
Begum Sikander, Chitra,Mary Plamer Special, Wazid Ali Shah,
Fantasy,Cheery Blossom etc.
Thorn less
Pink Beauty, Lady Hudson, Perfusion, Liliac Queen, Dr.H.B.Singh, Jawahar
Lal Nehru, Torch Glory etc.
Few Thorns
Cheery blossom, Dr,B.P.Pal, Zakiriana, Gangaswamy, Refulgens, Bhbaha
etc.
Vigrours Thorns
Chitra, Partha, Singapore Red, Stanza, Mahatama gandhi, Parthsarthy, LMB,
Gopal, Vishakha etc.

31.  Site –sunny sites with good drainage
 Soil- Sandy loam
 Climate-Tropical and subtropical
 Planting- most suitable time July to
September
 Irrigation-Less watering
 Prunning- May or August
 Insect pest- Teremites(Cholpyriphos-0.05%)

32. Cuttings
Air layering
Budding
Grafting

33.  Áo/kZu
 dfVax
 ;g vfr lkeku rjhdk gS rFkk ,d ikS/ks ls lSdM+ksa ikS/ks rS;kj fd, tk ldrs gSa] dfVax ds fy, lk¶V ¼eqyk;e ruk½ gkMZ
¼dM+k ruk½ ,oa lseh gkMZ oqM ¼v/kZ dM+k ruk½ dks iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA ijarq bu rhuksa esa ls gkMZ oqM
dfVax gh cksxsufofy;k ds fy, mÙke ikbZ xbZ gSA dfVax yxkus dk mi;qDr le; tqykbZ vxLr ;k tuojh Qjojh dk eghuk gksrk
gS] dfVax 10&15 lsaVhehVj yach gksuh pkfg,] ftls :fVax ehfM;k ;k eksVs ckyw esa tM+ fudyus gsrq yxkrs gSa] Vguh
yxHkx iasfly dh eksVkbZ dh gksuh pkfg,A
 :fVax ehfM;krS;kj djus dsfy,1 Hkkx feV~~Vh] 1 Hkkx ifÙk;ksa dh [kkn ,oa 2 Hkkx ckyw feykuh pkfg,] yxHkx 4&6 lIrkg
eas tM+sa fudy vkrh gSaA tM+sa LoLFk] vf/kd la[;k esa rFkk tYnh fudysa bl ds fy, dfVax yxkus ds igys ml ds uhps okys
Hkkx dks vkbZ-ch-,-¼baMksy C;wVkbfjd ,flM½ ds 200 ih-ih-,e- ¼ikVZ ij fefy;u½ vFkkZr 200 fexzk- ikmMj dks ,d fyVj
ikuh esa ?kksy dj 12&18 ?kaVs rd dfVax ds fupys 1@3 Hkkx dks Mqcksa dj j[ksa ;k vkbZ-ch-,-dh vf/kd lkanzrk vFkkZr
2 gtkj ih-ih-,e ds ?kksy esa 2 ls 5 lsdaM rd dfVax dks Mqcksuk pkfg,A dfVax dks :fVax ehfM;k ls Hkjs cjru esa 5
lsaVhehVj dh nwjh ij ydM+h ;k maxyh ls fNnz cuk dj dfVax ds ,d frgkbZ Hkkx dks ehfM;k ds vanj ?kqlkuk pkfg,] rFkk
tM+fudyus rdehfM;k dks cjkcj ue cuk;s j[kas] blds fy,gtkjs lsle; le; ij flapkbZ djrsjgsaA
 vkbZ-ch-,- pwfda egaxk gS vkSj vklkuh ls feyuk Hkh eqf”dy gksrk gS] lkFk gh mldk ?kksy cukus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gS]
blfy, vU; tM+ o``f) fu;ked tksfd vkbZ-ch-,- ds ckbZ izksMDV gSa] vkSj dsjkfMDl] jksVkfMDl] :VsDl vkfn ds uke ls cktkj
esa miyC/k gSa] dk Hkh iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa] bl ikmMj ls mipkfjr djus ds fy, dfVx ds fupys dVs Hkkx ij nok yxk,a] ;fn vki
dfVax dks dkV dj ikuh Hkjsa lhMiSu ¼vFkjk½ esa j[k ysa vc ikmMj dks MCcs esa ls fudky dj <Ddu esa j[ksaA bl ds ckn
,d,d dfVax dks lhMiSu esa ls fudky dj ml ds fupys dVs Hkkx dks ikmMj ij j[k dj rqjar mBk ysa ,oa gydk lk >Vdk ns nsa] ftl
lsvko”;drk lsvf/kd yxkgqvk ikmMj fxj tk,A bl dsckn dfVaxdks rS;kj ehfM;k esa yxk nsaA

34. dfVax }kjk rS;kjfd;s x;s ikS/ks

35. xqV~Vh
 bl fof/k dks ,;j ys;fjax ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA dqN fdLeksa ds rus esa dfVax }kjk tM+s de fudyrh gS] QyLo:i
dfVax }kjk izo/kZu djus ls lQyrk Hkh cgqr gh de feyrh gS] tSls Qkjekslk] ysVsfjfV;k] Lisflvkslk] Fkhek] esjh
ikej] egkjk vkfn fdLeksa esaA vr% bu fdLeksa dk izo/kZu xqV~Vh fof/k ls djuk pkfg,A bl ds fy, mi;qDr le;
tqykbZ vxLrdk eghuk gksrk gSAbl fof/k lsizkIr ikS/ks vkdkj esa cM+s Hkh gksrs gSaA
 mi;qZDr fof/k ls izlkj.k djus ds fy, ,d o’kZ iqjkuh Vguh] tksfd LoLFk rFkk chekjh jfgr gks] dk pquko djuk pkfg,]
Åij ls yxHkx 30&45 lasVhehVj uhps rus ds pkjksa rjQ ls 2-5&3-0 lasVhehVj yackbZ esa fNyds dks
lko/kkuhiwoZd gVk dj 10&15 fnu rd ds fy, NksM+ nsaAtc Åij okys dVs Hkkx ij xkaB cu tk, rks ogka ij ,d
eqV~Bh Hkhxk gqvk ßekWlÞ ¼dkbZnkj½ ?kkl yisaVs] ijarq /;ku jgs fd ml esa ikuh u gks] vFkkZr ?kkl dks
fHkxkus ds ckn gkFk ls nck dj ikuh dks fupksM+ nsaA bl ds ckn mls dVs Hkkx ij pkjksa rjQ ls j[k dj Åij ls 100
xst eksVh iksfyfFku lhV] tksfd yxHkx 20&25 lsaVhehVj yach ,oa pkSM+h gks] ls <d dj ml ds nksuksa fljksa
dks lqryh ls cka/k nsaA ekWl ?kkl vki fdlh Hkh ulZjh ls izkIr dj ldrs gSaA fQj Hkh ;fn u feys rks ml ds LFkku ij
fuEufyf[kr feJ.k dk iz;ksx dj ldrsgSa %
 cxhps dh feV~Vh & 2 Hkkx
 ckyw &2 Hkkx
 iÙkh dh [kkn &2 Hkkx
 iksfyFkhu dh txg VkV ¼euh cSx½ dk iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA ijarq ;g fdlh Hkh iksfyFkhu ls vPNk ugha gksrk]
D;ksafd ,d rks bl esa ¼VkV½ ls ueh tYn lw[krh gS] QyLo:i cjkcj ikuh nsus dh vko”;drk gksrh gS] nwljh ckr] ;g
lw;Z dh jks”kuh dks Hkh dVs Òkx ij tkus ls jksdrk gSA tcfd iksfyFkhu esa jks”kuh ds lkFk gh vkDlhtu ,oa dkcZu
MkbvkDlkbM xSlsa Hkh vklkuh ls ikl dj tkrh gSa vkSj og ueh dks Hkh mM+uslsjksdrkgS] ftl esa ikuh nsus dh
dHkh vko”;drk gh ugha gksrh gS] lkFk gh tM+s fudyus ij iksfyFkhu esa ls os vklkuh ls fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA
tMs+ tc iw.kZ:is.k fudy tk,a rks fldSfV;j ;k rst pkdw ls Vguh dks dkV dj BaMh txg ;k isM+ ds uhps
D;kfj;ka cuk dj yxk nsa ,oa ml esa ikuh ns nsaA D;kfj;ksa esa ueh cuk, j[kus ds fy,le; le; ijflapkbZ djrsjgsaA

36. xqV~Vhfof/k

37. Hkwfe
 yxHkx gj rjgdh feV~~Vh esa bls mxk;ktk ldrk gS] c”krsZtyfudkl dk mÙkeizca/k gksA bruk
gh ugha igkfM+;ksa ,oa iRFkjksa ds chp Hkh] tgka FkksM+h lh Hkh Hkwfe miyC/k gks] bls
vklkuhlsmxk;ktkldrkgS]ijUrq gydh cywvknkseV;k ykyfeV~~VhvfrmÙkegksrhgSA
LFkku
 iw.kZ:is.k izdk”k;qDr LFkku vfr mi;qDr gksrk gS] D;ksfd ;fn bls Nk;knkj txg esa yxk;k tkrk gS
rks ;k rks ikS/kksa esa Qwy vkrs gh ugha ;k cgqr gh de la[;k esa f[kyrs gSaA izdk”k;qDr
gksusdslkFk lkFkogLFkkuÅWpkHkh gksukpkfg,ftllsogkaij tytekou gksldsA
ikS/kksadhjksikbZ
 ikS/kksa dh jksikbZ djus ds fy, LFkku dk pquko djus ds ckn 60&65 lasVhehVj vkdkj dk xgjk
xM~~<k vizSy-ebZ ekg esa gh [kksnuk pkfg, rFkk bls 15&20 fnuksa rd [kqyk NksM+ nsaA
ftllsxje/kwilsfeV~~Vh vPNhrjgmipkfjrgkstk,A
 xM~~<k lw[kus ds ckn izR;sd xM~~<s esa lw[kh ifÙk;ka j[k dj mUgsa tyk ns rFkk bl ds ckn
xM~~<ksa dksHkjnsa A Hkjrs le;feV~~Vh esa 8&10 fdyksxzkelM+kgqvkdaiksLV ;k xkscj
dh[kknfeykdj izR;sdxM~~<sdksHkj nsaA
 ikS/ks jksius dk mi;qDr le; tqykbZ-vxLr gksrk gS] bl ds vykok Qjojh-ekpZ esa Hkh vfr
vko”;d gksus ij ,oa ikuh dh leqfpr O;oLFkk jgus ij jksikbZ dj ldrs gSa ] cksxsuosfy;k dk m|ku
cukus ;k >kM+hnkj fdukjk rS;kj djus ds fy, ikS/ks dks 2&2-5 ehVj dh nwjh ij yxkuk pkfg,]
tcfdgstrS;kjdjusdsfy,vis{kkd```rdenwjh ij yxkukpkfg,A

38. [kkn,oa moZjd
 ikS/ks dh jksikbZ ds le; igys crk, vuqlkj 10&15 fdyksxzke vPNh rjg ls
lM+k gqvk daiksLV ;k xkscj dh [kkn izR;sd xM~~<s esa feV~~Vh ds lkFk
feyk dj nsaA blds ckn izR;sd o’kZ yxHkx 250xzke gM~~Mh dk pwjk izfr
ikS/ks dks nsus ls ikS/kk LoLFk jgrk gSA ;fn ikS/ks dh o``f) larks’ktud u
gks jgh gks rks moZjd dk mi;¨x djuk vko”;d gksrk gSA bl ds fy, fuEufyf[kr
feJ.k dkmi;¨x250xzkeizfr ikS/ks dhnjlstwuekg esadjukpkfg,A
 veksfu;elYQsV 1Hkkx
 lqijQkLQsV 3Hkkx
 iksVsf”k;elYQsV 2Hkkx
 dHkh Hkh ukbVªkstu dh [kkn dk mi;¨x vf/kd ek=k esa ugha djuk pkfg,
vU;Fkk ikS/ks dh “kkdh; o``f) vf/kd gksxh] QyLo:i ikS/ks esa Qwy Bhd ls
ugha vkrs gSa] rjy [kkn dk iz;ksx izkjafHkd voLFkk esa T;knk ykHkdkjh
gksrkgS] xeysokysikS/ksdsfy,rks ;gvR;f/kdmi;ksxhgksrhgSA

39. flapkbZ
 cksxsufofy;k ds fodflr ikS/ks dks cgqr gh de ikuh dh vko”;drk gksrh gS]
ijUrq u, jksis x, ikS/ks dks ikuh nsuk vko”;d gksrk gSA ikuh de ek=k esa
dbZ ckj esa nsuk Js;Ldj gksrk gS] dHkh Hkh ,d ckj esa T;knk ikuh nsuk
mfpr ugha gksrk gSAxjehdsekSleesa rksyxHkxjkstkukikuhnsrsjguk
pkfg,] ,d ckr /;ku esa vo”; j[kuh pkfg, fd tc Qwy iwjh rjg f[ky x;k gks rks
ikuh nsuk de dj nsa vU;Fkk Qwy >M+ tkrs gsa] Qwy vkus ds 1&2 lIrkg
igys ls gh ikuh nsuk can dj nsuk Bhd jgrk gS] bl ls Qwy vPNh rjg ls
fudyrsgSaA

40. dVkbZNaVkbZ%
 ikS/ks dks LoF; ,oa vkdZ’kd cuk;s j[kus ,oa mfpr vkdkj izdkj nsus ds fy, dVkbZ NaVkbZ ,d vko”;d fdz;k gSA NaVkbZ djus
ls ubZ “kk[kk,a fudyrh gS] tks fd dkQh LoF; gksrh gS] NaVkbZ fdl rjg dh tk,] ;g dbZ ckrksa ij fuHkZj djrk gS] tSls ikS/ks
dks vki us fdl mn~s”; ls yxk;k gS] LVSaMMZ] gst] uewusnkj]¼Lisflesu½] esgjkc ;k ijxksyk cukus vFkok nhokj ij p<+kus
;k cksulkbZ cukus dsfy,A
 ikS/ks dks vki ls ftl mn~s”; ls yxk;k gS] mlh vuqlkj ml dh NaVkbZ Hkh djuh pkfg,A ;fn vki us mls o`{k ;k nhokj vkfn ij
p<+kus ds fy, yxk;k gS rks NaVkbZ dh vko”;drk ugh ads cjkcj gksrh gS dsoy dkQh iqjkuh] iryh ,oa vLoF; Vgfu;ksa dks
gVkuk vko”;dgSA
 ;fn LVSaMMZ cukus pkgrs gSa rks mls Nkrs dk vkdkj nsus ds fy, rxM+h N¡VkbZ djuh iM+rh gS ikS/kk yxkus ds ckn ls
gh ftruh Å¡pkbZ ds uhps dh eq[; “kk[kk ds vykok vU; lHkh “kk[kvksa dks dkV dj gVkrs jºuk pkfg, ,oa fuf”pr Å¡pkbZ ij ls
eq[; “kk[kk dks Hkh dkV nsuk pkfg, blds QyLo:i ogka ls cgqr lh “kk[kk,a fudyrh gSa bu “kk[kkvksa dks Hkh 12&20
lsaVhehVj Åij ls dkV nsrs gSa bl ls u, dVs Hkkx ls iqu% dbZ “kk[kk,a fudyrh gSa] ftUgs iqu% dkVk tk ldrk gS] rc rd fd
bPNkuqlkj ikS/ks dk vkdkj u cu tk, bl ds ckn dsoy o’kZ esa ,d ;k 2 ckj Qwy lekIr gkus ij NaVkbZ djuh pkfg, ftlls fd ikS/ks
dk lgh vkdkj cuk jg ldsA
 bl rjg gst ¼ckM+½ cukus ds fy, ikS/kk ;k dfVax yxkus ds ckn ls gh tSls gh ikS/kk 20&25 lsaVhehVj dk gks tk;s 15
lsaVhehVj ds Åij ls igyh N¡VkbZ dj nsaA blls “kk[kk,a T;knk fudysaxh bu ubZ “kk[kkvksa dks iqu% vxy cxy rFkk Åij lss
Nk¡Vrs jg¢A gst dh Å¡pkbZ /khjs /khjs c<+krs gSaA vFkkZr izR;sd N¡VkbZ ds le; yxHkx 15&20 lsaVhehVj Å¡pkbZ
c<+kuh pkfg,A vkSj fuf”pr Å¡pkbZ ij igq¡pus ij gj o’kZ ogk¡ ls rFkk vxy cxy ls “kk[kkvksa dks Nk¡Vrs jºr¢ gSAblds lkFk gh
dksf”k”k gksuh pkfg, fd ckM+ dk vk/kkj vFkkZr fupyk Hkkx pkSM+k gks rFkk Åij /khjs /khjs FkksM+k FkksM+k iryk
djrs tkuk pkfg, ftl ls ikS/ks ds gj Hkkx dks uhps ls Åij rd larqfyr :Ik esa izdk”k feyrk jgs blh rjg esgjkc ijxksyk vkfn cukus
ds fy, Hkh bPNkuqlkj Å¡pkbZ ,oa vkdkj nsus ds fy, N¡VkbZ djsa N¡VkbZ dHkh Hkh e/; flrEcj ds ckn u djsa blls Qwy esa
ck/kk igq¡pkrh gSAxeys okys ikS/ks dks ;k cksulkbZ ¼ckSuk ikS/kk½ cukus ds fy, T;knk lko/kkuhiwoZd dVkbZ
N¡VkbZ djuh iM+rhgSAikS/ks dh Å¡pkbZ ,oavkdkj xeys ds vuqlkj gh j[kuk pkfg,A


41. xeys esa cksxsufofy;k %&
 blds ikS/ks dks vlkuh ls ukn Mªe ,oa xeys esa mxk;k tk ldrk gS xeys 20&30
lsaVhehVj O;kl ,oa Å¡pkbZ ds yxHkx 2&5 o’kZ rd ds ikS/ks ds fy, mi;qDr gksrs gSaA
ijUrq iqjkus ,oa cM+s vkdkj ds ikS/kksa ds fy, xeys dk vkdkj Hkh c<+kuk iM+rk gS ;k
ikS/ks dks cM+s vkdkj ds ukn] cSjsy] Mªe esa yxkuk pkfg, xeys esa ty fudkl gsrq
fNnz dk gksuk vfr vko”;d gSA xeys esa Hkjus ds fy, feJ.k fuEu fyf[krvuqikr esa cuk;s
 nkseV feV~Vh 3 Hkkx
 xkscj@dEiksLV iRrh dh [kkn1 Hkkx
 ckyw 1@2 Hkkx
 gM~Mh dk pwjk 1 pEep izfrxeyk
 feJ.k dks vPNh rjg ls vkil esa feyk dj xeys esa Hkjus ds fy, rS;kj djsa vc loZizFke xeys
ds uhps cus fNnz ij 2&3 VwVs xeys ds NksVs&NksVs VqdM+s j[ksa fQj ,sd eqV~Bh
lw[kh ifRr;k¡ j[k dk mu ds Åij feJ.k dks /khjs&/khjs Hkjsa rFkk mls gkFk ls nckrs
tk;sAfeJ.k xeys esa Åij ls 1 bap uhps rd gh Hkjsa Hkjus ds ckn ikS/kk yxkus ds fy, ml
dh tM+ esa yxh gqbZ feV~Vh ds vkdkj ds cjkcj xeys ds chpkschp esa ls feV~Vh
fudky ds vanj jgs ikS/ks ds pkjksa rjQ gkFk ;k [kqjih ds gRFks ls feV~Vh dks vPNh rjg
ls nck nsa ijUrq ikS/ks dk rukgj gkyresa lh/kk gh jguk pkfg;sA

42. xeys esa cksxsufofy;k
vc gtkjs ls xeys esa ikuh ns dj ikS/ks dks Nk;knkj txg esa j[ksa rFkk 3&4 fnu rd
jkstkuk lqcg gtkjs ls gh ikuh nsrs jgsaA blds ckn [kqjih ls feV~Vh dh iiMh rksMdkj
1&2 fnu rd NksM nsa] mlds ckn ikuh ns nsaAikS/ksdkslqUnjgjkHkjk,oa?kukcukusds
fy,“kq: ls gh Vgfu;ksa dh fiafpx ¼Åijh fljs dh dVkbZ½cjkcj djrs jgsatc rdfdikS/kk iw.kZr;% ?kuk
vFkkZr Vgfu;ksa ,oa ifRRk;ksa ls Hkj u tk;s,blds ckn gj o’kZ ebZ twu esa N¡VkbZ djsa rFkk izR;sd
xeys esa Åij dk yxHkx 2&3 bap feJ.k fudky dj iqu% lM+k gqvk dEiksLV ;k xkscj dk [kkn Hkj nsa ;g
iqjkusikS/kksadsfy,rksvfrvko”;dgkstkrkgSA

43.  gkjeksal ¼o`f) fu;ked½ dk iz;ksx %&
 xeys esa yxk;s x, ikS/ks dh o`f) dks jksdus ds fy, rFkk dVkbZ N¡VkbZ de ls de djuh
iM+s lkFk gh ikS/kk lgh vkdkj esa T;knk le; rd cuk jgs blds fy, dqN o`f) vojks/kd
gkjeksal dk iz;ksx ykHknk;d ik;k tkrk gSA vuqla/kku ls ik;k x;k gS fd ;fn eSfyd
gkbMªktkbM dk 1]000&1]500 ih-ih-,e ¼1&1-5 xzke ,d yhVj ikuh esa ?kksy dj½ ds
?kksy dk fNM+dko ikS/ks ij ,d lIrkg ds varjky ij 2 ckj dj fn;k tk;s rks ikS/ks dh o`f)
dkQh gn rd :d tkrh gSA
 dhV ,oa chekfj;k¡ %&
 cksxsufofy;k ds ikS/ks esa chekjh ,oa dhM+s dk izHkko cgqr gh de ns[kk x;k gS dHkh
dHkh fdlh fdLe ds ikS/ks esa yhQ LikV uked chekjh yx tkrh gS bl chekjh ds mipkj
gsrq cksMksZ feJ.k 5-5%50 vFkkZr 10 yhVj dk ?ksy cukus ds fy, ,d cjru esa 80 xzke
rwfr;k dks 5 yhVj ikuh esa ?kksysa rFkk nwljs cjru esa 80 xzke pwus dks 5 yhVj ikuh
esa ?kksy ysaA fQj nkuksa dks ,d cM+s cjru esa ,d lkFk fxjkrs gq, feykdj ?kksy rS;kj
djsa ;fn ;g ?kksy rS;kj djus esa dfBukbZ eglwl gksrh gSA rks 0-03 izfr”kr CykbVkDl
nok dk ?kksy rS;kj dj 15 fnu ds varjky ij 2&3 fNM+dko djsaA
 dHkh dHkh yhQ dyZ ¼ifRr;ksa dk ,saBuk½ Hkh ns[kk x;k gSA ;g ̒ekbV̕ uked dhM+s
ds vkdze.k ls gksrk gSA dhM+s ifRr;ksa dk jl pwl ysrs gSA ftl ls os VsM+h esM+h gks
tkrh gSA blds fy, dsyFksu nok dk 0-1 izfr”kr dk ?kksy rS;kj dj 15&20fnu ds varjky ij
fNM+dko djus ls dhM+ksa dh jksdFkke dh tk ldrh gSA

44.  Pollution tolerant
 Draught resistant
 Useful in industrial region
 Absorbs harmful gases CO, CO2, SO2, NO2,SPM,RSPM
and oxides of nitrogen
 Leaves help in dust trapping
 Cv. - Dr H B Singh, Dr R.R. Pal, Chitra, Shubhra etc.

45. Nutraceutical pigments
 Bracts are rich source of betalain pigments
(betacyanin)
Natural colorant in food industries.
Sugar balancer
B.Spectabilis-source of pinitol
 Used to treat metabolic diseases (insulin-resistant
diabetes)