CIMEC 2017`2

1. Medical University of Lublin, Department of Epidemiology

2. Seasonal Influenza
2
• Contagious, air borne, respiratory disease
• Caused mainly by: A or B virus type
• PREVENTION: Vaccination
• TREATMENT:
• Supportive
• Pharmacological:
• Neuraminidase Inhibitors(Oseltamivir, Zanamivir)
• M2-Inhibitors (Amantadine, Rimantadine)

3. 3
Symptoms of Influenza
• Fever
• Non-productive
cough
• Headache
• Malaise
• Sore throat
• Myalgia

4. Seasonal Influenza:high risk
groups
4
• Elderly
• Chronically
ill
• Pregnant
women
• Children
• Patients in
Immunosuppressive
states

5. 5
Aims of study

6. Total Incidence of Influenza and Influenza like
disease in years 2010-2016 in Polnad
6
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Total Incidence per 100 000
Years
• Increasing trend in the incidence of influenza and influenza
like ilness
• Exception: small decrease in 2014

7. Influenza Incidence
7
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
A comparison of Incidence amonong children to total incidence of Influenza
Children 0-14years
Total Incidence
Incidenceper100000
• An Incidence of influenza is about 2,9 to 3,25
greater among children in comparison with total
influenza's incidence in years 2010-2016

8. Influenza: Comparison of
Incidence to Mortality
8
Graphics taken from National Institute of Public Health -National Institut of Hygiene website:
http://wwwold.pzh.gov.pl/oldpage/epimeld/grypa/index.htm

9. Number of deaths caused by
Influenza in years 2010-2014
9
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
28
95
23
115
11
Number of deaths due to Influenza in years 2010-2014
years
numberofdeaths
• An increase in Influenza
Incidence is not followed by
upward trend in deaths or
mortality rates.
• In 2014 only 11 deaths
reported,whereas Incidence
and number of cases grew up
to 8151,6/100 000 and 3137056
cases respectively.
*For years 2015 and 2016 no data available

10. Geographical distribution
10
In recent years
Pomorskie Voivodeship
had the highest
incidence of influenza
with the lowest
incidence being
reported in
Podkarpackie and
Lubuskie Voivodeship

11. Geographical distribution
11*Voivedoship with the lowest incidence in given year

12. Geographical distribution
12*Voivedoship with the lowest incidence in given year

13. Seasonal patterns
13
Influenza is
characterized by a
typical seasonal pattern
with Q1 usually having
the highest and QIII
having the lowest
number of cases.
In a typical influenza
season the highest
number of cases is
observed in March and
the lowest in August.

14. Influenza in Europe
14
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control uses a number of
influenza activity indicators.
THE INTENSITY OF INFLUENZATHE INTENSITY OF INFLUENZA is based on the rate of sentinel
consultations.
SENTINEL PHYSICIANSSENTINEL PHYSICIANS prepare reports that include the number of new cases
of influenza-like illness and/or acute respiratory infection.
From 2010 to 2016 the intensity of influenza in Poland was low/medium
with the sole exception of 2015/16 season (when it was reported to be
high/very high)

15. Influenza in Europe
15
Season 2016/2017 Season 2015/2016
The graphics taken from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control website:
https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/seasonal-influenza/surveillance-and-disease-data/seasonal-
overviews

16. The rate of hospitalisation
16
The mean
rate of
hospitalization
was 0,377%

17. 17
Seasonal influenza vaccination
The vaccination rate against
seasonal influenza in Poland
is at a very low level of 3,7 %
(2016)
According to ECDC statistics,
Poland has one of the lowest
rates of vaccination against
seasonal influenza among
health care workers in
Europe.
The graph taken from European Centre for
Disease Prevention and Control
website:https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-
data/seasonal-influenza-vaccination-europe

18. Conclusions
18

19. Bibliography
19
National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene website
WHO website
ECDC website
Chief Sanitary Inspectorate website
Interna Szczeklika Podręcznik chorób wewnętrznych, Medycyna Praktyczna,
Kraków 2016
www.uptodate.com :Clinical manifestations of seasonal influenza in adults