Many people believe that the evil culture of Nazi Germany could never happen in America, but the truth is, not only can it happen, but the Nazi’s who constructed the system of race laws and the eugenics final solution followed the examples of what was worst in America. The book we will ponder documents how the Nazi architects used the Jim Crow laws in America as precedents and inspirations when drafting the Nuremberg Race laws in Nazi Germany.
We will also discuss:
• The German American Bund Organization, a small ethnic German Nazi group in America.
• How the Reich Flag Law was passed after the Bremen Incident, where Judge Louis Brodsky released rioters who tore down the swastika, calling the swastika a black flag of piracy that rejected everything that America represents.
• How the Citizenship distinguished between nationals and true citizens of German blood who had full political rights.
• How the Blood Law sought to guarantee the purity of German blood and the Volk, or people.
• How the miscegenation laws in the Deep South, making interracial marriages illegals, were consulted when the Nazis drafted the Blood Law.
• How the Supreme Court case Loving v Virginia overturned the US miscegenation laws in 1967.
• How the United States had race-based immigration laws until the passage of the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965.
• How the Prussian Memorandum documents how Nazi radicals were inspired by the Jim Crow segregation and discrimination laws in their drafting of the Nazi race laws.
• How Hitler admired the American conquest of the West, which helped justify his eastern conquests for living space for Germans, or Lebensraum.
• How Nazis viewed lynching as a natural resistance of the American Volk to the blacks who were trying to get the upper hand.
• How Eugenics and Scientific Racism also contributed to anti-Semitism.
• How we can compare the Nazi Kristallnacht to the American practice of lynching.
• How FDR was not able to support the anti-lynching bill in Congress, lest the Southern Senators and Congressmen derail the war effort against Germany, and how Eleanor Roosevelt kept pushing for this and other civil rights legislation.
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/_td3jPGD5TI
See my blog: http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/how-the-racist-jim-crow-laws-served-as-precedent-for-the-nazi-nuremberg-race-laws/
Purchase from Amazon:
Hitler's American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law, by James Q Whitman
https://amzn.to/3fUE72N
No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II, by Doris Kearns Goodwin
https://amzn.to/3opqQnY
The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism
https://amzn.to/3sgj53J
For the Soul of the People: Protestant Protest Against Hitler, by Victoria Barnett
https://amzn.to/3828kJ0
How Nazi Lawyers Used Jim Crow Laws in Drafting the Nuremberg Race Laws To Persecute the Jews
1.
2. Today we will learn and reflect on how the Nazi lawyers, and yes, there
was such a thing, in the early days of Hitler’s regime, drafted the
Nuremberg Race Laws that began the persecution of the Jews, using the
American Jim Crow laws in effect in the Deep South.
Some Americans may want to dispute this narrative, but this short
book definitely shows how the Nazi race laws were inspired by the
precedents set by the Deep South Jim Crow segregation race laws of
America.
3. At the end of our talk, we will discuss the sources used for this
video, and my blogs that also cover this topic. Please, we
welcome interesting questions in the comments. Let us learn
and reflect together!
5. Our author, James Whitman says in his
introduction to Hitler’s American Model:
“The Nazis were not simply demons who
erupted out of some dark underworld to
shatter what was good and just within the
Western tradition, until they were put down by
force of arms and the authentic humane and
progressive values of Europe were restored.
There were traditions of Western governments
within which they worked. There were
continuities between Nazism and what came
before and after. There were examples and
inspirations on which the Nazis drew, and
American race law prominent among them.”
6. There was a small German American Bund organization that only had
a few thousand German immigrant members mostly in the Northeast.
The leader was convicted of embezzlement and it was disbanded
during the war.
Although this video will show how the Nazi lawyers used the Jim Crow
laws as precedent when drafting the Nuremberg Race Laws, there was
absolutely no support for Nazi Germany among the Deep South
segregationists.
We have a more encompassing video on the history of how Christians
Kept the Faith in Nazi Germany.
7. German American Bund parade, New York City, October 30, 1939
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_American_Bund
8.
9. Hitler’s rants in his Mein Kampf reveal that the elevation of the Aryan
race was central to the Nazi ideology, and that the perfidious Jews
were the cause of the Germans’ woes, their stabbed-in-the-back
defeat in World War I, the humiliation of Germany, the Depression
that hit Germany, they were to blame for every tribulation that
Germans suffered. The Jews did not deserve to be citizens, they did
not deserve their jobs, they did not deserve their possessions, they
did not deserve their family, they deserved only persecution and
misery, Jews should either be driven to exile or executed.
Soon after Hitler assumed complete power as Fuhrer the lawyers
working in the newly formed Nazi regime went to work drafting the
Nuremberg Race Laws, which were passed in 1935.
11. The Nuremberg Laws were:
• Reich Flag Law, which enshrined the swastika as the exclusive
national emblem of Germany.
• The Citizenship Law distinguished between those Germans
who were simply nationals, under the jurisdiction of the Reich
and who owe special duties to the state, and truly citizens of
German blood, who had full political rights as long as they
“demonstrated through their conduct that they were willing
and suited to faithfully serve the German Volk (or people) and
Reich.”
• The Blood Law tried to guarantee the purity of German blood
to ensure the continued existence of the Volk, or people. It
criminalized marriage and sexual relations between Aryans
and Jews and forbid Jews from hiring Germans as servants.
Jews were only permitted to display “Jewish colors,” they were
forbidden to display the colors of the Reich or the swastika.
Mixed marriages were both a civil and a criminal offense.
12. In the early years of the regime, the Nazis sought to encourage Jews to migrate
out of Germany, which meant they had to leave much of their property behind,
but during the war years many Jews were shipped to the concentration death
and work camps, often in cattle cars, standing room only.
The Nazis did not directly copy the Jim Crow laws, the politics of the two
countries differed. The main difference between these two legal systems is that
segregation of the races was key to the Jim Crow system, while it is not
mentioned in the Nuremberg Race Laws. This distinction would become
meaningless when during the war years the German Jews were shipped to the
death camps, and when the Polish Jews were first brutally and forcibly
segregated into Jewish ghettoes, then these ghettoes were emptied out into the
death camps.
13.
14. There were many American Laws that were similar to the Nuremberg Race Laws.
America had have many novel forms of second-class citizenship particularly for
blacks, and also for Native Americans, Filipinos, and Puerto Ricans. During World
War II our Japanese citizens were forcibly moved into camps where they were
treated fairly well, though they lost most of their property and businesses in the
process. The Nazis could directly reference Aryan bloodlines and racial purity in
their laws, but the Jim Crow laws had to pretend there was an equality so the
due process Reconstruction Amendments would not be applied. Miscegenation
laws that forbid whites and blacks to marry would not be overturned until the
Supreme Court hearing of Loving v Virginia in 1967. The race-based US
immigration Laws would not be amended to be race-neutral until the
Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965. America had a long history of race-
based immigration laws, beginning with the 1790 Naturalization Act, which
permitted the immigration of “any alien, being a free white person.”
15. This is a poster for Loving (2016 film)
German emigrants boarding a steamer in Hamburg and arriving
in New York. Harper's Weekly, (New York) November 7, 1874
16. REICH FLAG LAW
The Reich Flag Law was passed over anger over the Bremen Incident,
where rioters ripped the swastika flag from the German ship SS
Bremen while it was docked in New York City, throwing it in the
Hudson. The rioters were arrested, then released by the Jewish
magistrate Louis Brodsky, who wrote a fiery opinion denouncing
Nazism and calling the swastika a “black flag of piracy,” a symbol that
rejected everything that America stood for. This decision caused an
international outcry that the Nazi propaganda machine took full
advantage of. The Reich Flag Law was a Nazi rejection of the American
liberal democracy who would empower a Jewish judge to make such a
decision.
18. PRUSSIAN MEMORANDUM
The Prussian Memorandum was circulated by Nazi radicals in 1933 and served as a
basis for the Citizenship and Blood Laws. In both this memo and the planning
meetings for the law the American Jim Crow models were repeatedly discussed. The
memo discusses how shameful it is when German women consort with Negroes,
stating this is illegal in the US Deep South. When discussing proper blood lines, the
memo refers to “Jewish, Negro, and other colored” peoples.
During the discussions on the memo and the race laws the Nazis revealed their
hardline views on segregation. Our author restates their views, “Segregation would
simply never succeed in Germany. German Jews, unlike American blacks, were too
wealthy and arrogant; the only hope was that they be put down by ‘severe criminal
punishment.’ Jim Crow segregation was a strategy that could work only against a
minority population that was already oppressed and impoverished.”
19.
20. CITIZENSHIP AND GERMAN BLOOD LAWS
The Nazis found encouragement for denying citizenship to its
Jews from the American Deep South that denied to blacks the
right to vote through various legal fictions such as literacy tests,
poll taxes, grandfather laws, and by pure intimidation by the KKK
night riders who lynched and terrorized blacks who dared to try
to vote.
21.
22. The Nazi Supreme Court declared that
the Blood Law was a “fundamental
constitutional law of the national
socialist state.” The German Volk blood
could not be mixed, the Citizenship
and Blood Laws were imperative to
prevent “further penetration of Jewish
blood into the body of the German
Volk,” or people. Mixed societies were
seen a racially degenerate mish-mash,
mixed blood children were seen as
mongrels by the Nazis.
23. The Nazi Blood Laws were the Race Laws that borrowed the most from the United
States Jim Crow Laws, which at the time were among the harshest in the world.
Thirty-eight states forbid interracial marriages. For example, the Maryland statute at
the time forbid marriages between whites and those who were black back three
generations, and was a criminal offense, requiring a jail sentence from eighteen
months to ten years. Likewise, the Nazi Blood Law was both a civil and a criminal
offense.
Who was Jewish? This did not depend on your faith but your blood, you were
Jewish if you had three Jewish grandparents, or two grandparents if you were
married to a Jew. First, Jewish shops were boycotted, then Jews were fired from
their jobs as teachers and civil servants, then the professions.
24. "Selection"
of Hungarian
Jews on the
ramp at
Auschwitz II-
Birkenau in
German-
occupied
Poland,
around May
1944. Jews
were sent
either to
work or to
the gas
chamber.
25. Hitler praised the American race-based
immigration laws and American white supremacy
in Mein Kampf. Hitler lauded the Confederate
States for founding the healthy racist order he was
trying to create in Germany
The Nazi Dr Mobius remembered what an
American said to him, “We do the same thing you
are doing. But why do you have to say it so
explicitly in your laws?”
Quote from Hitler’s Mein Kampf, “The racially
pure and still unmixed German has risen to
become master of the American continent, and he
will remain the master, as long as he does not fall
victim to racial pollution.”
WHAT NAZIS THOUGHT ABOUT AMERICAN RACE LAWS
26. Our author tells us that
“Hitler proclaimed his admiration for
the American conquest of the West,
where the Americans had ‘gunned
down millions of Redskins to a few
hundred thousand.’ American
treatment of the Indians provided a
handy justification for the German
conquests in the East in their search
for living space, or Lebensraum.
The Nazis balked at the American
racial one-drop doctrine, where one
drop of negro blood meant you were
a Negro, the Nazis thought this was
too extreme.
WHAT NAZIS THOUGHT ABOUT AMERICAN RACE LAWS
Custer Massacre At Big Horn, Montana June 25 1876
27. The Nationalist Socialist Handbook of Law and
Legislation described “America as the country that had
achieved the ‘fundamental recognition’ of the truths of
racism, and taken the first necessary steps, now to be
carried to fulfillment by Nazi Germany.”
One piece of Nazi literature noted that “the United
States, like Nazi Germany, has racist politics and
policies. What is lynch justice, if not the natural
resistance of the Volk (or people) to an alien race that
is attempting to gain the upper hand? Most states of
the Union have special laws directed against the
Negroes, which limit their voting rights, freedom of
movement, and career possibilities.”
WHAT NAZIS THOUGHT ABOUT AMERICAN RACE LAWS
28. We would also like to mention that there is also a connection between the
research in Eugenics done in America, in particular California, and in other
countries, and the research on eugenics in Nazi Germany. And there is a
book available documenting these links, which we do not plan to read and
cover, since the pseudo-science of eugenics was exterminated with their
radical Nazi Final Solution at the end of World War II.
With hindsight are the many scientists that contributed to what is now
called Scientific Racism, a horrifying field of study when again culminated
in the Nazi death camps. Scientific Racism tried to explain what many
whites saw as the evident inferiority of the negro races, but which were
really differences caused by lack of education and self-worth. These were
prominent thinkers going all the way back to the Enlightenment, and this
field of inquiry was also squashed by the end of World War II.
30. KRISTALLNACHT AND THE ANTI-LYNCHING BILL
The Nazis on the night of the Kristallnacht, or night of broken glass, greatly
increased their persecution of the Jews by burning, looting, and vandalizing
Jewish businesses, synagogues, and residences, and soon after sent most Jews
to their deaths in the concentration death and work camps. This same type of
violence had been practiced in the Deep South by the KKK and other racist
terrorists, likely tens of thousands of Negroes had been lynched in the years
since the end of the Civil War in the Deep South and mid-West.
Mine eyes were opened when I first read about the history of the defeat of the
anti-lynching bill in 1938. Eleanor Roosevelt and the black leaders were pushing
FDR and Congress to pass the anti-lynching bill when the entire world was
witnessing the horrors of the Nazi persecutions of the Jews.
31. K
Kristallnacht, Night of Broken Glass, the night when across
Germany the SS Storm Troopers vandalized, burned, and
looted Jewish stores, synagogues, and homes.
32.
33. FDR was sympathetic, he explained to a
colleague that “the southerners by reason
of the seniority rule in Congress are
chairmen of the key Congressional
committees. If I come out for the anti-
lynching bill, they will block every bill I ask
Congress to pass to keep America from
collapsing. I just can’t take that risk.” So,
FDR had a choice, he could fight the
Nazis, or he could fight lynching, but he
could not do both. And, defeating the
Nazis was an attainable goal.
FDR signing the declaration of war
against Germany, 1941
34. Eleanor persisted in public
speeches and her newspaper
column in support of the anti-
lynching campaign, constantly
badgering her husband. Once she
asked FDR, “Do you mind if I say
what I think?” FDR replied, “You
can say anything you like. I can
always say, ‘Well, that is my wife;
I can’t do anything about her.’”
This supposed conflict was a
good political way to push for
civil rights without unduly
antagonizing the powerful Deep
South Senators and
Congressmen.
35. What is distressing about this history was that the bill was not
against lynching itself, but it put legal pressure on Southern
judges and policemen to enforce the law and punish those
who were guilty of lynching, instead of just ignoring the crime.
36. And now we will talk about the SOURCES we used for this video:
We have Hitler’s American Model, this is a scholarly work that
primarily seeks to document the links between the Jim Crow race laws
and the Nazi Nuremberg Race Laws, and he also discusses the other
scholarly efforts to document these links.
We also excerpted for Doris Kearns Goodwin’s excellent book, No
Ordinary Time, one of the best FDR and Eleanor books written, it is a
history that reads like a novel, very well written, with astute
observations.
If you like you can also purchase the Nazi connection, which also finds
the links between Nazism, Eugenics, and American racism. Since
eugenics is moribund, I do not plan to do a video on this book.
37. Although we did not use it in this video, Victoria Barnett’s book, For
the Soul of the People was a main source for our video on how
Christians kept their faith in Nazi Germany, it is a real treasure because
it includes long sections from interviews from Confessing Christians on
what life was like for believers in Nazi Germany during the years Hitler
was in power.
38. The YouTube description links to the video script and our blog.
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