This document summarizes Newton's laws of motion and gravity. It describes Newton's three laws of motion, including examples for each law. It also discusses gravity, including Kepler's laws of planetary motion, free fall, acceleration due to gravity, and how mass differs from weight. Examples are provided to illustrate various concepts related to Newton's laws and gravity.

1. NEWTON’S LAWS OF
MOTION AND GRAVITY

2. TEAM MEMBERS:
• Atharva Jaurkar (21BCE10300)
• Mehak Agrawal (21BCE10312)
• Shobhit Sinha (21BCE10315)
• Saksham Bajpai (21BCE10321)
• Sayani Choudhury (21BCE10336)

3. FIRST LAW
An object at rest remains at rest
and an object in motion remains
in motion unless acted upon by
an external force.
Introduction of Force

4. EXAMPLES:
1. Why do we need the
seat-belt when we are
in a car?
Well, Newtons law #1
gives us the answer.

5. 2. Have you ever imagined why
it feels so exciting on a roller
coaster?

6. 3. Earthquake

8. EXAMPLES WITH A BLEND OF GRAVITY:
1.An Astronaut Moving
Continually in Space
2.Revolution of Planets in
the Solar System

9. SECOND LAW
The rate of change of linear
momentum of a body is
directly proportional to the
force applied to it.
Calculation of Force

10. EXAMPLES:
1.Catching a ball
A fielder pulls his hand backwards
while catching a cricket ball
coming with a great speed to
reduce the momentum of the ball
with a little delay.

11. 2.Pushing an empty cart and a
loaded cart
Pushing or pulling an empty cart
is easy as compared to a loaded
cart because the loaded cart has
more mass.

12. 3. Racing Car
While designing a racing car, the
ultimate tendency of the engineers
sticks to reduce the mass of the vehicle.
This is because, according to Newton’s
second law of motion, the mass of an
object is inversely associated with
acceleration. By reducing the mass of
the racing car, the acceleration can be
increased considerably, thereby
increasing the chance to win the race.

13. EXAMPLE WITH A BLEND OF GRAVITY:
Object thrown from a Height
When an object is thrown from a certain height, the
gravitational pull of the earth helps it to develop
acceleration. The acceleration increases as the object
advanced towards the earth. According to Newton’s
second law of motion, the acceleration developed by a
body is directly proportional to the force. When the object
hits the ground, the impact force comes into action. This is
the reason why a brittle object thrown from a tall building
suffers more deformity than the situation where the same
object is thrown from a comparatively shorter building.

14. THIRD LAW
Every Action has an Equal and
Opposite Reaction
Classification of Force

15. EXAMPLES:
1.The motion of the air-filled balloon
Balloon is set free, the air inside it
rushes out and the balloon moves
forward.

16. 2. Hammering a Nail
Carpenters, when they hammer a
nail. While the nail goes deeper
and deeper into the wood when
hammered, the hammer makes a
backward movement, which is
identified as the reaction of its
own blow.

17. 3. Rocket Propulsion
The hot exhaust gas flows through
the rocket nozzle and is accelerated
to the rear of the rocket. In reaction,
a thrusting force is produced on the
engine mount.

18. GRAVITY
The Big G:
Every object in the observable universe
attracts every other object with a force , this
is called gravity or gravitational force .This
force is universal , omnipresent
,multidirectional, long range.
It was discovered by Newton in the 17th
century . Furthermore, he also related the
earlier ideas of free fall and planetary motion
and termed it GRAVITAS.

19. UNDERSTANDING GRAVITY:
Gravitational constant g is equal to
force of gravitation which exists
between two bodies of unit masses
kept at unit distance. The value comes
to be 6.67*10^-11Nm^2/kg^2(for unit
mass and radius) This order tells us
that in ordinary objects gravitational
force is very weak.

20. KEPLER’S LAW OF
PLANETARY MOTION
LAW #1:
Kepler’s first law means that
planets move around the Sun in
elliptical orbits. An ellipse is a
shape that resembles a flattened
circle. How much the circle is
flattened is expressed by its
eccentricity. The eccentricity is a
number between 0 and 1. It is zero
for a perfect circle.

21. LAW #2:
Kepler’s second law states
that a planet moves in its
ellipse so that the line
between it and the Sun
placed at a focus sweeps
out equal areas in equal
times.

22. LAW #3:
Kepler’s third law states that the square
of the orbital period of a planet is
directly proportional to the cube of the
semi-major axis of its orbit.

23. PLANETS AND SATELLITES
NEWTON’S CANNON BALL EXPERIMENT:
Newton observed the motion of the planets and concluded
that the force that made the apple fall down must be same
force that makes the planets move around the sun in their
orbits. The cannon ball experiment also shows that different
forces applied to the ball makes the ball travel
different distances wherein there is one particular force
f that imparts enough velocity to just overcome the force of
gravity and the ball starts to free fall around the curvature of
earth in an orbit without falling to the earth . this is the
same notion with satellites around the Earth and planets
around the sun. They always move with a great speed due to
the centripetal force exerted by the sun on planets and by
earth on the satellites.

24. FREE FALL
• In Newtonian physics, free fall is
defined as the motion of an object
where gravity is the only force acting
upon it. By this definition then, a
skydiver is never in true free fall,
even before they deploy their
parachute. A skydiver may be pulled
towards earth by gravity, but they are
also affected by air resistance, a force
opposing their downward
movement. For this reason it doesn't
match the strict definition of a free
fall.

25. EXAMPLES OF
FREE FALL
The moon is in free fall motion.
Heavy ball and feather is
dropped simultaneously in a
vacuum chamber.

26. ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
The force of gravity acting on a unit mass
placed on or near the surface of earth is
called acceleration due to gravity. It is
represented by symbol g and its value is
9.8m/s^2. At a given place acceleration
due to gravity is same for all the bodies
irrespective of the masses of the bodies.
Such a case can be clearly seen in the
experiment by Galileo Galilei of Two
stones of different masses being dropped
from the Pisa tower.

27. VARIATION OF ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
The values of acceleration due to
gravity of earth(g) depends upon
the gravitational constant(G),mass
of the earth and radius of earth
(r).Hence the value of acceleration
due to gravity remains constant as
long the radius remains constant.
Radius of earth increases as we
move from poles to equator due to
the spheroid shape of the earth, so
the gravity reduces ,so the weight
(not the mass) reduces

28. HEIGHT AND DEPTH:
Variation of g with height decreases with
increasing height.
gh = g(1-(2h)/R). This is the acceleration
due to gravity at a height h above the
earth’s surface. It becomes zero at infinite
distance from the earth.
Variation of g with Depth:
Decreases with increasing depth ,at the
Centre of the earth it becomes equal to
zero.
Acceleration due to gravity at depth d is,
gd= g(1-d/r).

29. MASS VS WEIGHT:
Mass: Quantity of matter contained in a body .It is a
scalar quantity, is constant everywhere and can
never be zero. It is measured in kg .
Weight: The weight of the body is the force with
which it is attracted to the centre of the earth. It is
measured in newtons. It depends upon the mass of
the body and the value of gravity and varies acc to it
. W= m*g.
Acts in a vertically downward direction , vector
quantity . As the value of acceleration due to gravity
decreases with increase in height and depth ,the
weight is zero in outer space and centre of earth.

30. CONCLUSION AND DYK'S
1. Gravity is weaker than fridge magnet.
2. Without gravity your body can grow wrong.
3. Astronauts practice weightlessness in z aeroplanes called the Zero G.
4. If you could swim on the moon you would be able to walk on water surface and jump out of the water like
a dolphin.
5. You can still feel 90 per cent of Earth’s gravity on the International Space Station which is basically microG.
6. The lack of gravity in space makes astronauts grow 2 inch.
7. However, once they come back, the Earth’s gravity will compress their ligaments and undo this growth.
8. Fish have stones in their head which can help them tell which way is up.
9. Astronauts practice weightlessness in aeroplanes.