1. People who shaped the
country
Aida Sergeevna Rodomanchenko
Associate professor
FL Department of NRU HSE, Moscow
A.rodomanchenko@gmail.com
2. Summary of the lecture
Date
/
Period
Name
of
the
Person
Posi2on
/
Profession
Implica2ons
for
the
modern
state
30-‐61
AD
Boudicca
Queen
of
one
of
the
Cel8c
tribes
Prac8cally
none,
just
myths
and
legends
1643-‐1727
Sir
Isaac
Newton
An
English
mathema8cian,
astronomer,
and
physicist
Revolu8onized
science
having
formulated
the
laws
of
mo8on
and
universal
gravita8on.
Built
the
first
prac8cal
reflec8ng
telescope.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
3. Boudicca (circa 30-61 AD)
✔ Reigned over the Iceni
✔ East Anglia
✔ Rebellion against the Romans
4. Alfred the Great: king of Wessex
✔ The only English King ever to be
called "great"
✔ Successfully resisted Danish
invaders
✔ United the various English
kingdoms under one rule
✔ Promoted learning and literature
✔ Translated several significant
Latin works into English
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
6. Edward I
“Edward, the Hammer of the Scots”.
➢ Conquered Wales
➢ Built a chain of castles along the coast of
north Wales
➢ Made his son Prince of Wales
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
7. Common Law
(the law that is used everywhere and administered by
circuit judges)
Henry I
Circuit judges
Travelling from place to place
administering justice
Custom
Previous decisions
Previous cases
Comparisons
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
8. Innocent or Guilty?
● Battle against a skilled fighter
● Trial by «ordeal» (until 1215)
● Trial by jury (since 1179)
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
10. The code of chivalry
The “code of chivalry” = the way in which a perfect knight should
behave
He should:
! fight for his good name, if insulted
! serve God and the King
! defend any lady in need
1348 - the Order of the Garter
“Honi soit qui mal y pense”
“Let him be ashamed who sees wrong in it.”
There were 24 knights who met once a year on
St.George's Day at Windsor Castle
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
11. Edward III
Edward III forbade French language in his army
the whole army was aware of its Englishness
English was used by the ruling class
once again a written language
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
12. The Tudors
1480 - 1603
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
17. Elizabeth I: what was she like?
Elizabeth I:
✗ was short about 5'3 or 5'5 with brown eyes and red curly hair
✗ was afraid of mice
✗ had a bad temper and would throw things or threaten to send courtiers
to the Tower if they upset her
✗ swore and spat when she was angry
✗ was very superstitious and was afraid of black magic
✗ only bathed once every few weeks
✗ had teeth black with tooth decay
✗ was sometimes difficult to understand because of missing teeth.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
24. Oliver Cromwell
1649–1660 - Britain was a Republic under the
“reign” of Cromwell and his friends
û governed through the army (regular forces)
û used the army to maintain law and order
û forbade to celebrate Christmas and Easter, and
play games on a Sunday
1653-1660 - Cromwell = “Lord Protector”
1658 – Restoration of the monarchy
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
25.
26. George I
and the beginning of Georgian era
“It was a fine twentieth day of October 1714 when George, as a frog eyed, corpulent
unpleasant little man of 54, came to the throne”
King George I
n Spoke German
n Ruled in Hanover
n Didn't rule in Britain
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
27. The beginning of Georgian era
George I wasn't interested in Britain -> didn't attend the Cabinet meetings
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
28. The beginning of Prime Ministers era
Robert Walpole – Britain's first Prime Minister (PM)
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
29. Robert Walepole and the Cabinet
1694 – the Bank of England had authority to print “bank notes”.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
30. “Cabinet”:
l government ministers should work together in a small group
l any minister who disagreed was expected to resign
l all members were together responsible for policy decisions
COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY
1694 – the Bank of England had authority to print “bank notes”.
Europe: monarch had absolute power
Britain: the Crown was under the control of Parliament
Robert Walepole and the Cabinet
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
31. The Power of the King
! The Constitution limited the Power of the
king:
è the king was supposed to “choose” his ministers
è the king could not remove or change laws
è the king could not be a Catholic
è the king was dependent on Parliament for his
financial income and for his army
… Her Majesty's
Government
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
32. ! John Wilkes believed that politics should be open to free discussion
Printed a strong attack on
the government
Was arrested and
imprisoned in the Tower of
London
The argument of the
Government: “arrested of
state necessity”
The judge turned down the
argument: “public policy is not
an argument in a court of law”
1. The freedom of the individual is
more important than the interests
of the state
2. No one could be arrested
without a proper reason
Wilkies's victory established important
principles:
Reporters were allowed:
Ø to listen to Parliament
Ø to write about it in the newspapers
The age of public opinion has arrived
John Wilkes
and the beginning of liberty
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
34. Queen Victoria: overview
Britain:
u industrial expansion
u economic progress
u a worldwide empire on which
the sun never sets
Monarchy:
u constitutional monarchy
u above political parties
u new role of the Royal Family
u new, confident age
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
35. Victoria: True / False?
True or False?
u She was barely 150 cm tall.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
36. Victoria: True / False?
True or False?
u As a princes she was allowed to spend time on her own.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
37. Victoria: True / False?
True or False?
u Victoria’s annuity was £385,000
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
38. Victoria: True / False?
True or False?
u Prince Albert proposed to her.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
39. Victoria: True / False?
True or False?
u Victoria set a tradition of wearing a white dress to the wedding
ceremony.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
40. Victoria: True / False?
True or False?
u Victoria was a great-grandmother to
Nicholas II of Russia.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
41. Victoria: True / False?
True or False?
u Victoria had never attended the State Opening of Parliament.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
42. Victoria: True / False?
True or False?
u Victoria and Albert redefined the role of the Monarch.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
43. Victoria: True / False?
True or False?
u Christmas as we celebrate it today has its origins in Victorian Britain.
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
45. George V
u started to
broadcast on
Christmas -> gained
popularity
u set a pattern of
conscientious
monarchy
Bri8sh
Studies
Course,
Higher
School
of
Economics,
Moscow
Aida
Rodomanchenko,
PhD
