WH_Fr_French Revolution_all_parts.pptx

Modern World History
French Revolution & Napoleon

French Revolution
Q. What is French Revolution?
The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of ideological,
political and social upheaval in the political history of France and
Europe as a whole, during which the French polity, previously an
absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for
the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to
forms based on Enlightenment principles of republicanism,
citizenship, and rights.

French Revolution
1789 Starting of Revolution
1815 Fall of Napoleon & End of Revolution
1830 July Revolution
1848 February Revolution
1871 Estd. Of French Republic
Section-A
Section-B
It is not an event of history,
It is a living legend
It is a process

French Revolution
1789 Starting of Revolution
16 June Formation of National Assembly
Section-A
9 July National Assembly Constituent
Assembly
14 July Attack on Fort of Bastille
26 Aug. Declaration of Rights of Man & the
Citizen
Phase-I
Bourgeoisie
Phase
1791 National Assembly
Phase-II

French Revolution
1792 National Convention
1793 Jacobins comes to power
Section-A
1795 Directory Rule
Rise of Napoleon
1804 Napoleon become emperor
Phase-III
1795-98
Reforms by Napoleon
Napoleonic wars
1815 Defeat of Napoleon @ Waterloo
Starting of Metternich System
1799 Napoleon comes to power
Phase-IV
Radical
Phase
Age of
Napoleon

French Revolution
It was a conflict between, the French -आम आदमी and the
Monarchy.
Louis XVI
French -आम आदमी

Causes of French Revolution
It was a conflict between, the French -आम आदमी and the
Monarchy.
What circumstances lead to the French revolution, for that we
need to understand the French Story.

Causes of French Revolution
Causes
Socio-
Cultural
Political
Economic
Understanding
France of 18th CE

Political Causes Monarchy
Louis XIV Louis XV
I am the state &
my word is the
law
मुझे जो सही
लगता हैं वो में
करता करता हूँ
Bourbon
Dynasty
Absolute Monarchism
Divine Rights Appointed by
Kings
Both Louis XIV & XV
Powerful kings
Centralised the administration
Abandoned the Representative
Institutions in France Estates
General
Rampant Corruption

Louis XVI
अब मेरी बारी हैं
Bourbon
Dynasty
Louis XVI
Comes to power
in 1774
Weak personality, not like his
grandfather
Dependent of Feudal elements
for consolidation of rule
Monopolizing the govt. offices
by aristocrats & nobles

Louis XVI
Bourbon
Dynasty
Louis XVI
Comes to power
in 1774
No proper administration
No codified uniform legal
system
No uniform taxation policy
French common man was not
getting any representation, no
role to play Angry.

Louis XVI
Bourbon
Dynasty
French common man was not
getting any representation, no
role to play Angry.
The reaction came out on
16 June 1789.
अब की
बार...Citizens की
सरकार

Social Causes
French Soceity Estates System
1st Estate
2nd Estate
3rd Estate

Social Causes
French Society Estates System
• Made up of clergy of Roman Catholic
Church
• Scorned Enlightenment ideas
• <1% of total population
• Controlled 15% of the resources
• Didn’t paid taxes
• Used to runs schools & public
functions
1st Estate

Social Causes
1st Estate
अब मेरी बारी हैं…
Tithe tax…
• Church Laid compulsary tax called
as Tithe
• 1/10th of total agricultural produce
need to be paid
• Church owned large land, but didn’t
paid tax

Social Causes
2nd Estate
• Consisted of Aristocrats & Nobles
• held highest offices in government
• disagreed about Enlightenment ideas
• accounted for just 2 percent of the
population
• owned 20 percent of the land
• paid almost no taxes

Social Causes
3rd Estate
• 97 percent of the people
• Three groups made up this estate

Social Causes
3rd Estate
• Three groups made up this
estate
1. The bourgeoisie or middle class
paid high taxes
were well educated and believed strongly in the Enlightenment ideals of
liberty and equality.
lacked privileges
felt that their wealth entitled them to a greater
degree of social status and political power
अब की
सरकार

Social Causes
3rd Estate
estate
2. workers of France’s cities
Paid low wages
included tradespeople, apprentices, laborers, and domestic servants
Also paid high tax
Politically , Socially, Economically
deprived

Social Causes
3rd Estate
estate
3. Peasants
80 percent of France’s 26 million people
formed the largest group within the Third Estate
paid about half their income in dues to nobles,
tithes to the Church, and taxes to the king’s agents
resented the clergy and the nobles for their
privileges and special treatment
अब तो ये सरकार
खून भी चूस लेगी

Cultural Causes
Q. Role of Philosophers
Enlightenment Ideas
Ideologues, Philosophers wrote about the system
18th Century Age of Reason
1. Montesquieu
Exposed Privilege based social system
Identified, Absolute Monarch & attacked it
Book Spirit of Laws
Separation of Power
Criticised existing laws

Cultural Causes
Enlightenment Ideas
2. Voltaire
Wrote on French society
Book The age of loius XIV
Questioned the authority of chruch

Cultural Causes
Enlightenment Ideas
3.Rousseau
Book Social Contract
Believed that people were born good
but were corrupted by the society
Man is born free but everywhere in chains

Cultural Causes
Q. Role of
Philosophers
Enlightenment Ideas
Made French people aware
about the true character of
Louis King’s rule
They acted as Buddha for
the French People

Cultural Causes
Enlightenment Ideas
4. American Revolution
It also affected the French revolution
Gen. Laffayate fought along the
Americans (Gen. Washington)
The French returned home
enthusiastically

Economic Causes Absolute Monarchy
3/4th of expense done on defence
1.King Constantly @ War
2. King lavish lifestyle
I am the state &
my word is the
law
Personal income of the king not differentiated from states
But, Q. From where to get revenue??
Louis XVI
Louis XVI Sends his army to america to fight
against the British

Economic Causes Absolute Monarchy
But, Q. From where to get revenue??
3. Flawed taxation policy
1st and 2nd estate 40% of the wealth
Exempted from paying wealth
No uniform tax policy affected local trade
4. 3rd Estate bear the brunt
Therefore, not much economic development
Income low, High Poverty
High Inflation 65%
Occurrences of bread riots

Overall Development
Socio-cultural
By 1780s, France had
structural problems, which
had large grievance among
the masses
Political
Economic

French Revolution
Louis
XVI
French -
आम आदमी
By 1780s, France had
structural problems, which
caused large grievance
among the masses
Some events between 1780
to 1788 were immediate
reasons for the revolution

French Revolution
Understanding the period between
1780 to 1789
Immediate Causes

French Revolution Events
Louis XVI Comes to power
1774
Weak ruler, corruption issues etc.
France on verge of Banckruptcy
1786
No revenue income, treasury empty
Louis
XVI
What to do
mr. finance
minister?
We can call
session of
special council
special council
Consisted members from
clergy, feudal lords, nobles
etc.
When Calonne gabve proposal to
tax 1-2nd estate, the clergy and the
gentry created pressure on king.
Calonne was removed from his post
Or else we can
include these
1st-2nd estate
into paying
taxes
Calonne

Finance minister Brienne
1787
Also advised Uniform tax policy
Introduction of new taxes
Louis
XVI
What to do
mr. finance
minister?
special council Rejected
the proposal sent by
Brienne
But now, King sent this
proposal to another body
name parlement for advise
I suggest
uniform tax
policy and new
taxes
Brienne
Hmmm..
Need to do
something
My lord, we
need to impose
taxes or else
we’re done…

King sends the proposal to parelement
1787
Louis
XVI
What to do
Parelement…
please advise
us

Parelement King can’t take unilateral
decision on imposition of taxes
1787
Louis
XVI
Parelement…
please advise
us
For tax matter, we need to
get consent from the Estates
General

Parelement Estates general will decide
1787
Louis
XVI
Parelement…
please advise
us
Estates General Last
meeting took place in
1614
एक तीर से दो ननशान
Monarchy will get
weak.
The 1st and 2nd estate
will get stronger

Agricultural crises
1787
Louis
XVI
What to do
now???
1788 Bad Harvest
High Inflation
Unemployment
Bread riots etc.
In between Trigger

Session of Estates General
5 May
1789
Louis
XVI
What to do
now???
Voting Individually
Each estate had 1 vote.
No joint session between
3 estates

Session of Estates General
5 May
1789
Louis XVI
What to do
now???
We want Joint
sitting for this
No…can’t have
joint sitting
3rd Estate 1st-2nd Estate
The 1st- 2nd Estate advised the king not to have joint sitting
On this advise, to stop the 3rd Estate, the King locked the
assembly hall.
हम क्या चाहते...
Joint sitting…
एक काम करो..
Hall को ताला लगा
दो

The king locks the door of assembly hall
where 3rd estate was to meet
5 May
1789
3rd Estate people
got awakened

3rd Estate meets @ Tennis Court
1789
16 June We are the
national assembly
now….
3rd Estate declares itself as National Assembly of France

3rd Estate meets @ Tennis Court
1789
27 June We are the
national assembly
now….
Okay I am
giving you
recognition
Feudalism & serfdom abolished
End of privilege system
Tithe was also abolished
1789
9 July
National assembly Constituent Assembly
Continuous infighting going on in France
Economic crises continued

1789
9 July
National assembly Constituent Assembly
Continuous infighting going on in France
Removal of Jacques Necker angered the people and they
attacked the fort of bastille
I need to solve
economic crises

1789
14 July
Attack on Fort Bastille

1789
26 Aug.
Declaration of the Rights of the man& the citizen

1791 France become constitutional monarchy
King lost the power of legislation
But still had suspensive veto
I still have
power ….
1791
Oct.
Legislative assembly formed
Separation of Power
Rule of law
Popular sovereignty

1792 1ST European Coalition invades France आ जाओ
यारो....लोहा
गरम हैं मार दो
हथौड़ा
Spain, Holland, Austria, Prussia, England and Sardinia
(S.H.A.P.E.S)
The War of the First Coalition (1792–1797) was
the first attempt by the European monarchies to
defeat the French First Republic
The French king invited these coalition,
Now its time to
fight….
The French people, fought against this coalition
and also held responsible the French king for the
same

1792 Removal of King Estd. Of National Convention
Sep.

1792 The Directory Comes to power
Oct.

1792 The Directory Comes to power
1799 Foreign Invasions took place Anarchy in France

1799 Napoleon takes charge of France
9/10
Nov.
Foreign Invasions took place Anarchy in France
1799-1815 the Age of Napoleon

Q. Impact/Significance of French Revolution
1799-1815 the Age of Napoleon

Outcome of the French Revolution
1. Impact on
France
2. Impact on
England & Europe
3. Impact on
World

1. Impact on France
1. End of Monarchy
Establishment of Republican government
2. France became torch bearer of Humanity
Liberty
Equality
Fraternity
Declaration of the rights of the
man & citizen
Constitutional government No divine rights
अब की
सरकार

1. Impact on France
3. End of Privilege based social system
Establishment of Equality
4. End of Feudalism & Serfdom
Strengthening of Middle class
Forced labour abolished
Improvement in conditions of
peasants
Opening of gates, end of
nightmare for them
अच्छे नदन आने वाले हैं

1. Impact on France
5. Church Power reduced
Religious freedom granted to citizen
Property of church confiscated
Priests were forced to take oath to
be loyal to the nation
State would pay salary to them
I do swear to be
loyal to French
state

1. Impact on France
6. Administrative & Judicial Changes
Reorganization after revolution
Division of France into
83 departments
374 Cants (Districts)
44000 Communes

1. Impact on France
6. Administrative & Judicial Changes
Codification of laws
Uniform Judicial system
Penal code made softer
Later on, Napoleon codified the
laws

1. Impact on France
7. Economic impact
Tax collection methodology changed.
Octroi was abolished.

2. Impact on England & Europe
1. England Initially welcome the change
Because it would bring democracy in France
Edmund Burke
Anarchy Violent
Welcome
to the clan
This revolution
will be violent
I can’t allow
anarchy
PM Pitt Banned the
press & organizations
Later on, it tried to suppress it.

1. England
Economic crises in England Due to
supporting anti-revolutionary activities
Start of Social & Political reforms
Parliamentary reforms
Later on, it tried to suppress it.
Encouraged revolutionary activities in Ireland
I can’t allow
anarchy

2.Europe
Encouraged revolutionary activities in Ireland,
hence weakening of England.
Ireland haath se
gaya…
Poland Revolutionary activity increased
United the Kings of Europe to come together &
fought anti-revolutionary wars
They tried to bring back the old system of
Monarch

3. Impact on World
Nationalism Nationalist movements around the world
Gave ideals to the world Liberty, Equality & Fraternity
Questioned the idea of Divine rights, privilege based system…!!
Declaration of Human rights People are sovereign
Impetus to Nation-State system
Unification of Italy, Germany etc.

3. Impact on World
Napoleon’s Role

Q. Rise of Napoleon
Q. Napoleon was child as well as destroyer of the revolution??

Napoleon Bonaparte Q. Rise of Napoleon
1792 National Convention
1793 Jacobins comes to power
1795 Directory Rule
Rise of Napoleon
1804 Napoleon become emperor
Napoleon
1795-98
Reforms by Napoleon
Napoleonic wars
1815 Defeat of Napoleon @ Waterloo
Starting of Metternich System

Started as Military officer in the French army I am the
Revolution
Due to anarchy and misrule in 1799,
captured power from the directory
By, 1804 proclaimed himself as the Emperor
of the French Republic
Only objective Glory of France
Therefore, Mass appeal among people
Established himself as an commander &
popular for his triumph in Europe

I am the
Revolution
Even monarchy forces also supported him,
because they believed that a strong person can
only handle France
Middle class thought he would bring stability,
and economic progress
Peasants also supported him as napoleon
promised them land rights

Napoleon Bonaparte Q. Emperor
I am the
Revolution
Brought Italy under the French Rule in 1797
Disintegrated the Holy Roman Empire

Napoleon Bonaparte Q. Emperor
Defeated the European coalition
Austria, Prussia etc. by 1806
Unified Germany from 30039
Tried to defeat England by using
Continental System(1806-10)
Tried to control Spain Ulcer
Resulting into defeat
Finally defeated by European force @ Leipzig (1813) & waterloo (1814)

Napoleon Bonaparte Q. Empire of
Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte Reforms
Reforms
1. Administrative
2. Judicial
3.Economic
4. Religious
I am the
Revolution

1. Administrative
I am the
Revolution
1. Established strong & stable French state
Centralized administration
Established Central Secretariat
2.Curbed Liberty to establish law & order
Curbed Liberty Press censorship
3. Equality
Merit based appointments

1. Administrative
I am the
Revolution
4. Centralized administration Education
State must control Education
Written syllabus
Estd. Military school
Set up French university system

2. Judicial
1. 1804 Code of Civil Justice
1807 Napoleonic Code
Rule of Law
Equality
Inspired Judicial system all
around the world
Indian Constitution Liberty,
Equality & Fraternity

3. Economic
1. Nationalisation
Estd. Bank of France
2. Promoted free trade
Put France towards Industrialisation
3. Uniform tax policy
4. Constructed roads & bridges

4. Religious
1. Adopted Secular policy
Liberty to follow any religion
2. Agreement with Pope
Concordat of 1801

WH_Fr_French Revolution_all_parts.pptx

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