This slide consists of material about modal auxilliary and exercise on it

1. A Lecture by:
Berlinda Mandasari, S.Pd., M.Pd

2. Objectives
Students are able to
answer questions
related to modal.

3. Modal is part of auxiliary verb
which can function to help a verb
it accompanies. Modal is always
followed by verb 1 without to or
bare infinitive.
Definition of Modal

4.  There is no “s” in singular
 There is no “do / does” in the question
 There is no “don’t / doesn’t” in the
negative
Formulation of Modal

5. Modal Auxiliary
1. CAN, COULD
2. MAY, MIGHT
3. MUST, HAVE TO
4. SHALL, SHOULD
5. WILL, WOULD

6. CAN
1. To state ability → She can speak three
languages.
2. To ask permission → Can I smoke in this
room?
COULD
To state past ability → My grand mother could
swim well when she was young.
Type of Modal

7. MAY
1. To ask permission → May I smoke in this
room?
2. To state possibility → The teacher may come
late today.
MIGHT
1. To state past possibility → The teacher
might come late yesterday.
2. To state a strong possibility → She might be at
home today.
Type of Modal

8. MUST
1. To state something obliged to → We must obey the
regulation.
2. To state a conclusion
→ He has studied French for a long time. He must speak French
fluently.
HAVE TO
To state an obligation that involve other people.
→ We have to come on time, unless our lecture doesn’t
allow us to attend the class.
Type of Modal

9. WILL
To state future plan→ We will leave for Bali next two
weeks.
WOULD
Past (used to)
→ When I was young, I would play soccer.
Present Unreal
→ I would buy new mobile phone, but I can’t afford it.
Offer
→ Would you some tea?
Type of Modal

10. SHALL
Educated Expression Offer
→ Excuseme. I shall go now. Shall I clean the room?
Contractual Obligation
→ The company shall pay tax on Januari 2nd.
SHOULD
Recommendation/Advice
→ You should see the movie. It is excellent.
Type of Modal

11. OUGHT TO
Formal Recommendation
→ We ought to know about first aids.
→ I ought to meet my mom soon.
HAD BETTER
Warning
→ I had better study or I will fail the test.
→ You had better take care of yourself.
Type of Modal

13. Must + have + Verb 3
It is used to state a certainty or a conclusion about something happened
at the past time.
Examples:
1. The locker was opened. Somebody must have taken something from
it.
2. The oil was frozen. It must have been very cold last night.
Might + have + Verb 3
It is used to state past possibility.
Examples:
1. The man came late to the presentation. He might have missed the bus.
2. I didn’t see her yesterday. She might have been in Jakarta
Types of Modal Perfect

14. Should + have + Verb 3 (ought to + have + verb 3)
It is used to give a suggestion that should be done at the past time.
Examples:
1. Marry got low score on her exam because she didn’t study. She
should have studied before the exam.
2. Many employees were chatting for a long time after lunch. They
should have been in the office to continue working
Could + have + Verb 3
It is used to state past capability which was not applied.
Examples:
1. I didn’t go anywhere last night. I could have gone to the cinema but I
decided to watch TV with my family.
2. Mr. Naruli was rich. He could have built a very big house if he
wanted.
Types of Modal Perfect

15. 1. Dea laughed after she talked with him.
→ He must have told something funny.
2. Angel has a test today, but he didn’t study for it yesterday.
3. My uncle sometimes plays badminton on Friday. He was not
home when I came to his house last Friday.
4. Clara has an interview today, but she didn’t prepare a proper
clothes this morning.
5. The speed limit is 15 kilometers an hour but Ivan drives at 30.
Exercise of Modal Perfect

16. 6. George had time and money to visit his parents, but he didn’t
do it.
7. The phone in the living room rang last night at 11, but my
mother didn’t answer.
8. The shoes that you bought yesterday had good quality.
9. You will meet a special guest five more minutes , but you
haven’t taken a bath.
10. Yesterday, I needed money. My brother could lent me money,
but I didn’t ask him to.
Exercise of Modal Perfect