3. CULTURE
CULTURE
Culture is a complex
phenomenon. It contains
nearly all aspects of shared
human experiences. Culture
possess five basic elements:
symbols, language, beliefs,
values and norm (Gallinero,
2018)
4. CULTURE
CULTURE
Culture is the way of life of a
group of people that includes
there knowledge, belief, art,
morals, law, customs, and any
other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a
member of society. (Edward
Taylor)
5. KEY POINTS FROM VARIOUS
KEY POINTS FROM VARIOUS
DEFINITION OF CULTURE
DEFINITION OF CULTURE
7. THE ROLE OF CULTURE
THE ROLE OF CULTURE
Moral values and behavior are
acquired from one's culture through
communication and imitation from
one generation to the next.
8. Moral standard as social
Moral standard as social
convention, and social
convention, and social
conditioning.
conditioning.
Morality is something
handed down through
education or socialization.
SOCIAL CONVENTION
Morality is an effect of
social conditioning, a
moral consciousness/
feeling that we are obliged
to act morally.
SOCIAL CONDITIONING
10. CULTURAL RELATIVISM
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
"Different cultures have
different moral codes"
is the view that an action is morally right if one's
culture approves of it
"The right way is the way which
the ancestors used and which
has been handed down
"
-William Graham Summer Moral rightness and
wrongness are therefore
relative to cultures.
11. We cannot objectively judge any one
society’s moral code to be superior
to the moral code of another society.
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
ARGUMENT
ARGUMENT
12. Is a theory about
the nature of
morality
we can notice this
at the heart of
cultural relativism
To argue from facts
about the differences
between cultural
outlooks to a
conclusion about the
status of morality
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
ARGUMENT
ARGUMENT
13. Claims of Moral Relativists:
Claims of Moral Relativists:
Different societies have different moral codes
The moral code of a society determines what
is right within that society
There is no objective standard that can be use
to judge one society's code better than
others.
The moral code of our own society has no
special status, it is merely one among many.
it is mere arogance for us to try to judge the
conduct of other people.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
14. DANGERS OF CULTURAL
DANGERS OF CULTURAL
RELATIVISM
RELATIVISM
We could no longer
say that the
customs of other
societies are
morally inferior to
our own.
We could decide
wether actions are
right or wrong by
consulting the
standards of our
own society.
The idea of social
moral progress
becomes doubtful.
15. THE IDEA OF SOCIAL MORAL
THE IDEA OF SOCIAL MORAL
PROGRESS
PROGRESS
Moral Progress
Refers to improvement and concepts such as moral
beliefs, and practices experienced on a societal scale.
16. WHAT CAN BE LEARNED
WHAT CAN BE LEARNED
FROM CULTURAL
FROM CULTURAL
RELATIVISM?
RELATIVISM?
Cultural relativism warns us about the danger of assuming
that all our preferences are the absolute rational standard
Cultural Relativism teaches us to keep an open mind and
to be more amenable in discovering the truth
1.
2.
17. The Disagreements among
The Disagreements among
cultures
cultures
Culture differes
dramatically in
their views of right
and wrong
The difference in
our belief system
not in our values
The difference in customs
maybe attributable to
some aspects of social
life. Thus, there maybe
less agreement about
values than appears to be
18. RACHEL'S THREE
RACHEL'S THREE
UNIVERSAL VALUES
UNIVERSAL VALUES
SHARED BY ALL CULTURES
SHARED BY ALL CULTURES
Caring for the young
Murder is wrong
Tell the truth
1.
2.
3.
