Renewable Energy

1. Unit 1

2. Energy
• Energy, is the capacity for doing work.
• It may exist in potential,kinetic,thermal,
electrical, chemical, nuclear, or other various
forms.
• Other forms of energy are, heat and work
• i.e., energy will be transferred from one body to
another.
• After it has been transferred, energy is always
designated according to its nature.
• Hence, heat transferred may become thermal
energy, while work done may manifest itself in
the form of mechanical energy.
• All forms of energy are associated with motion.

3. Energy
• Energy can be neither created nor be destroyed but
one form of energy will be changed to another
form of energy.
• This principle is known as the conservation of
energy or the first law of thermodynamics.
• For example, when a box slides down a hill, the
potential energy that the box has from being
located high up on the slope is converted to
kinetic energy.
• As the box slows to a stop through friction, the
kinetic energy from the box’s motion is converted
to thermal energy that heats the box and the
slope.

4. Global Energy Scenario

5. Global Energy Scenario
• Fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) currently
provide the majority of our energy.
• On a global basis, it supplies about 81% of the
energy.
• Non-fossil fuel sources include nuclear, hydro
(dams with electrical turbines attached to the
outflow), solar (both photovoltaic and solar
thermal), and a variety of other sources.
• The percentages of energy provided by these
different sources have clearly changed over time.
• Will certainly change in the future as well.

6. Global Energy Consumption

7. Global Energy Consumption Scenario

8. World Energy Consumption - Projected

9. Shift to Renewable Energy by 2050
(Proposed by Sustainable Energy Policies)

10. Ratio between Energy Usage and GDP

11. Renewable Energy Scenario in India

12. Energy Scenario in India
• Electricity demand in India has grown an average 4%
per annum over last 30 years.
• For the Indian economy to grow at 9% annually,
additional capacity of 60 GW must be added every
five years.
• Government’s promise of 100% electricity to domestic
users will push up consumption.
• Besides the increasing demand for power, gross
inefficiencies and chaotic functioning of the power
sector puts further pressure on power supply.
• The transmission and distribution networks are
highly inefficient.
• Experts say that there is 30 – 40% power loss.
• Financial health of the state electricity boards is poor.

13. • Capacity utilization is very poor.
• Most hydro and thermal power stations operate at
87% load factor.
• Thermal plants face shortage of coal.
• Nuclear power plants operate at 50% loads, due to
shortage of uranium.
• In 2008, four gas based power projects were idle
due to lack of fuel linkage.
• The demand for electricity is expected to be about
1,000 GW by 2030.
Energy Scenario in India

14. • Invested heavily in renewable energy, particularly
in the wind energy – current installed capacity is
about 13 GW.
• Aims to produce 20 GW from solar power and 30
GW from nuclear energy in next 10-15 years.
• India is rich in renewable sources such as solar,
wind, hydro and bio-energy sources.
• However, it has less hydrocarbon
reserve (0.4% of world’s reserve)
• India depends on fossil fuel
imports to meet its energy
demands
Energy Scenario in India

15. • In 2009-10, the import of crude oil alone accounted
for 31% of the country’s total imports.
• India has ambitious plans to expand
its renewable and nuclear power industries.
• Country envisages increasing the contribution of
nuclear power.
• Plan to increase the overall electricity generation
capacity from 3% to 9% within 25 years.
Energy Scenario in India

19. Units of Energy
• Energy is defined in terms of work.
• In CGS unit, the unit of energy is erg .
• 1 Joule is equal to 107 ergs.
• SI unit of energy is the same as
that of the unit of work – the Joule
(J).
• The energy unit that is used in atomic physics,
particle physics and high energy physics is electron Volt
(eV).
• One eV is equivalent to 1.60217653×10−19 J.
• In spectroscopy the unit cm−1 ≈
0.0001239842 eV is used to represent energy &
Energy is inversely proportional to wavelength from the
equation.

20. Various Units of
Energy
• British Thermal Unit (BTU)
• Horsepower (HP)
• Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
• Calorie
• Electronvolts (eV)
• Hartree (the atomic unit of energy)
• Rydberg units
• Barrel of oil

21. Energy Conversion

22. Relation between commercial and SI unit of
energy
• The commercial unit of energy is 1 kWh.
• One kilowatt-hour is defined as the amount of
energy that is consumed by a device in one working
hour at a constant rate of one kilowatt.
• The SI unit of energy is Joule.
• 1 kWh = 1 kW x 1h
= 1000 W x 1h
= 1000 (J/s) x 3600 s
= 3.6 x106 J

23. Relationship between Energy, Force and
Distance
• Energy = Force x Distance
• Units of force and distance are N and m
respectively
• Therefore, E = N x m

24. Classification of Energy
Sources
• Non-renewable and renewable sources
• Non renewable resources can be depleted.
• Eg. non-renewable resources are, fossil fuels and
nuclear material.
• Renewable resources available abundant in
nature.
• Eg. renewable resources are wind, water, solar,
tidal and geothermal.

25. Global Energy
Crisis
• It is the concern that the world’s demands on the
limited natural resources which are utilised by
power industrial society.
• Natural resources are available limitedly.
• Energy crisis is something that is ongoing and
getting worse, despite many efforts.

26. Causes of the Global Energy
Crisis
•Overconsumption
•Overpopulation
•Poor Infrastructure
•Unexplored Renewable Energy Options
•Delay in Commissioning of Power Plants
•Wastage of Energy
•Poor Distribution System
•Major Accidents and Natural Calamities
•Wars and Attacks
•Miscellaneous Factors

27. Various Effects of the Global Energy
Crisis
•Environmental Effects
•Increasing Prices of the Fuel Resources
•Political Disturbances
•The Effect on the Tourism Industry

28. Possible Solutions to the Problem of Global
Energy Crisis
•Shifting to Renewable Resources

29. • Using Energy-Efficient Products
Possible Solutions to the Problem of Global
Energy Crisis

30. Possible Solutions to the Problem of
Global Energy Crisis
•Lighting Controls
•Easier Grid Access
•Energy Simulation
•Conducting Energy Audit

31. ENERGY ALTERNATIVES
• Solar Power
• Nuclear Power
• Hydroelectric Energy
• Wave Energy
• Biofuels
• Natural Gas
• Geothermal Power
• Wind Energy

32. Energy Alternatives India (EAI)
• To provide consulting, research, promotion &
marketing support to the fast growing renewable
energy.
• To establish clean-tech industry in India.
• Started by a team of professionals from IITs and
IIMs having prior experience in the alternative energy
industry.
• Vision of EAI is to promote widespread and
increased adoption of renewable energy.
http://www.eai.in/about-us#sthash.iYEMGzY8.dpuf

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9/19/2023