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Plant Hormone Guide
- 1. PLANT HORMONE BY BISHAWAJIT KUMAR 2003205004 Department of Plant Breeding and genetics Dr. Rajendra Prasad central Agricultural University Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar (848 125)
- 2. Definition Plant hormones, which are active in very low concentrations, are produced in certain parts of the plants and are usually transported to other parts where they elicit specific biochemical, physiological, or morphological responses.
- 3. Hormone & plant growth regulator(PGR) The naturally occurring (endogenous) growth substance are commonly known as plant hormones, while the synthetic one are called plant growth regulator (PGR)
- 4. Hormones, Precursor, & Related Scientists HORMONES PRECURSOR SCIENTISTS Auxin Triptophan F.W. Went Gibberellins Acetyle Coenzyme ( By Mevalonic acid pathway) E. Kurosawa Cytokinins AMP (Adenosine monophosphate) ( By Mevalonic acid pathway) F. Skoog Abscisic acid Violaxanthin Ehylene Methionine
- 5. Classification It is accepted that there are two major classes of plant hormones Class Action Examples Promoters Cause faster growth Auxins Cytokinins Gibberellins Jasmonic acid Inhibitors Reduce growth Ethylene Abscisic acid (ABA)
- 6. Auxin Precursor- Tryptophan Biosynthesis- Shoot and Root apex Transportation- Polar and Basipetal Forms- 1. Natural auxin- IAA (Indol Acetic Acid) 2. Synthetic auxin- IBA(Indol ButyricAcid), NAA (Nepthelene Acetic Acid)
- 7. Physiological effect and application of auxin Cellular Elongation & Apical dominance - Lateral branch growth are inhibited near the shoot apex, but less so farther from the tip. Cell differentiation- Auxin promotes differentiation of vascular tissue (i.e., xylem & phloem) Inhibition of root growth Stimulate root initiation (lateral roots, adventitious roots)
- 8. Flowering - production of flowers after auxin treatment, pineapple and cucurbits Parthenocarpic fruit development – in Solanaceae and cucurbitaceae Tropic responses Such as gravitropism and phototropism
- 10. Gibberellins
- 11. Promotes stem & internode elongation Seed Germination & Overcomes dormancy in seeds Involved in parthenocarpic fruit development- in Solanaceae and cucurbitaceae induce fruit enlargement- in Grapes & apple
- 12. Flowering- i) maleness in pineapple and cucurbits ii)female flower in maize iii)In Long day plant in Short day condition iv)In vernalization requiring plant
- 13. cytokinin Precursor- Acetyl CoA (By Mevalonic acid pathway) Biosynthesis- Root and shoot apex Tranport – polar and Basipetal, by xylem Form i) Natural- • Kinetin- only in animal • Zeatin- most common in plant ii) synthetic- • BAP(benzyl Amino Purin) • Diphenyl urea • thidiazuron
- 14. Bioassay Chlorophyll preservation test Tobacco pith cell division test Radish and soyabean cotyledon cell division test Physiological effect and applicationof cytokinins Control morphogenesis Regulates the cell cycle/cell division Nutrients mobilization & delayes senescence- Richmond lang effect Stomatal opening Overcome apical dominance
- 15. Ethylene Ethylene is the only gaseous plant hormone (C2H4) Precursor- methionine Biosynthesis- Ripening fruits, Senescent plant part Transport- Diffusion Form- Ethaphone/CEPA(2-cholroethyl phosphoric acid)
- 16. Physiological effect and application of ethylene 1. Fruit Ripening- •Natural- climacteric respiration •Artificial- by Ethaphone/CEPA 2. Flowering- femaleness in pineapple & cucurbits 3. In hydrophytes- Increase gaseous diffusion
- 17. Precursor- Violaxanthin Biosynthesis- In plant part where required. Transprtation- Not transported Physiological effect and application of aba • Induced bud and seed dormancy • Prevents vivipary • Regulate abscission and senescence • Stomatal closing • Increase grotropism in root of xerophytes • Flowering in LDP • In tissue culture use for somatic embryo formation
- 18. Thank You