Birth of UAVs Classification Advantages Applications: >Drones for agricultural crop surveillance >Drones for disaster management >Drones for supplying food and medicine in remote areas >Drones for energy UAV v/s manned aircraft Disadvantages

1. UNMANNED AERIAL
VEHICLE
PUSHING THE LIMITS OF DEVELOPMENT

2. OVERVIEW
 Introduction
 Birth of UAVs
 Classification
 Advantages
 Applications
 Drones for agricultural crop surveillance
 Drones for disaster management
 Drones for supplying food and medicine in remote areas
 Drones for energy
 UAV v/s manned aircraft
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 References
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Developing countries face economic challenges that first
world countries do not, on a large scale.
 Poverty, Agriculture, low literacy rates, interrupted
medicine supply, poor nutrition and lower energy
production have become the common constraints on
development.
 From high definition geo-referenced images, oblique
photographs, point cloud models to real time motion
pictures, UAVs has opened up a world of possibilities for
developing countries.
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4. INTRODUCTION (contd..)
 An unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),known as drones is an
aircraft without human pilot.
 Drones range from simple hand operated short-range systems
to long endurance high altitude systems.
 Benefits-ease of use,monitoring large rugged areas,tracking
down illegal activities,observing forest fires and disaster areas.
 UAVs are now extended to variety of domestic and personal
applications.
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5. BIRTH OF UAVs
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 The earliest attempt at a powered unmanned aerial vehicle was
A.M. Low’s “Aerial Target” of 1915.
 After World War-1, the1st scale RPV was developed by the
film star and model airplane enthusiast Reginald Denny in
1935.
 The birth of U.S UAVs began in 1959 when United States Air
Force officers concerned about losing pilots over hostile
territory.
 In August 1964, U.S Navy initiated America’s highly
classified UAVs into their first combat missions of the
Vietnam War.
 India operated its first drone in 1996 when the Army acquired
an Israeli Searcher Mark I.

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CLASSIFICATION
Category name Mass
(kg)
Range
(km)
Flight
altitude
(m)
Endurance
(hours)
Micro <5 <10 <250 1
Mini <25 <10 150 <2
Close range 25-150 10-30 3000 2-4
Medium range 50-250 30-70 3000 3-6
High alt. long
endurance >250 >70 >3000 >6

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ADVANTAGES
 Light-weight
› 2,500 lbs compared to an F-16 (27,000 lbs)
 Inexpensive
› 50% less for production
› 50% less to maintain and operate
› Up to $14 mill. While manned aircraft costs up to $500
mill
 Unmanned – no life at risk
 Can fly for 20 hours
 Fuel-efficient
› Allows them to stay in the air for 20 hours

8. APPLICATIONS
 Drones for agricultural crop surveillance
 Drones for disaster management
 Drones for supplying food and medicine in remote areas
 Drones for energy
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9. DRONES FOR AGRICULTURE
CROP SURVEILLANCE
 Slow agricultural growth is major concern in countries like
India.
 Higher cost and tuff handling of modern technology is the
major problem in the use of agriculture.
 Drones for crop surveillance can drastically increase farm crop
yields while minimizing the cost of walking the fields.
 Various drone enabled Crop Health Imaging systems at very
low cost available.
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10.  The benefits of Drones in farming:
 Save Time
 Increase Yield
 Crop Health Imaging
 Integrated GIS mapping
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FIG 1 FIG 2
UAV FOR CROP SURVEILLANCE

11. DRONES FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
 After disaster strikes, it is critical to analyze situation and
prepare immediate relief and rescue plans.
 It is too expensive, tuff and risky for a manned aircraft to
acquire information.
 UAV is attracting a great deal of attention as a safe and
efficient means of acquiring information in affected areas.
 Drones are used to ascertain status of damages and provide
information about the impact.
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12.  The benefits of UAV in disaster operation:
 Food and Medical supply
 Search and Rescue operation
 Monitoring relief and rehabilitation operations
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FIG 3
FIG 4
UAV ON RESCUE OPERATIONS

13. DRONES FOR SUPPLYING FOOD &
MEDICINE IN REMOTE AREAS
 In India, major percentage of total population is living in rural
areas.
 Many villages that are inaccessible by road for at least past of
the year.
 The only reasonably fast way of getting medicine and goods
were by using military helicopters.
 In India,1.3million children die every year from malnutrition.
 Small UAVs, which are inexpensive can solve basic problems
related to medical and food.
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 Use of Drones together with GIS can solve
many problems in remote areas like:
 Virus affected areas
 Tribal and Naxalite areas
FIG 5
FIG 6
UAV FOR THE SUPPLY OF FOOD AND MEDICINE

15. DRONES FOR ENERGY
 Setup and maintenance of conventional and nonconventional
energy source is too costly and time consuming.
 Requirement of continuous monitoring of these systems are
necessary.
 In power plants and transmission lines some factor which have
to be monitored regular or periodically.
 Manned helicopter are dangerous to fly along EHV power
transmission line during inclement weather.
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16. Benefits of Drones in energy sources are:
 Storm damage inspection
 Monitor the height of tree around the transmission lines
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FIG 7
FIG 8
UAV FOR ENERGY

17. UAV v/s MANNED AIRCRAFT
 Remotely piloted vehicles will never fully replace manned
aircraft.
 They can perform an increasingly sophisticated array of
missions due to their small size and decreased radar.
 To wholly replace man would be expensive and technically
risky.
 UAS should be only considered for certain types of missions
for which it can be a cost effective.
 With a continuing trend of miniaturization in electronics the
UAV can be made much smaller and cheaper.
 Size largely determined by the size of the payload
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18. DISADVANTAGES
 Immoral
 Civilian casualties
 Angers many people in foreign countries (infringe upon
sovereignty)
 Can be hacked or given viruses
 Too small for transportation of materials
 Low resistance to weather
 Cannot refuel in flight
 If contact is lost with the ground station, the vehicle may be
lost.
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19. CONCLUSION
 No doubt regarding the technical viability or operational utility
of UAVs in integration to geospatial analysis tools to support
life services.
 UAVs as more reliable
 Economical
 Autonomous
 Easier to use technology with great potential
 UAV market is expected to grow dramatically by 2020, as
military, civil and commercial applications continue to
develop.
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20. REFERENCES
 American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN :
2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-04, Issue-01, pp16-21
 International Journal of Science and Modern Engineering
(IJISME) ISSN: 2319-6386, Volume-1, Issue-6, May 2013
 NEC Technical Journal／Vol.8 No.1／Special Issue on
Solving Social Issues Through Business Activities
 IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering
(IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (May. - Jun. 2013), PP 01-10
www.iosrjournals.org
 Sensors 2008, 8, 3557-3585; DOI: 10.3390/s8053557;ISSN
1424-8220H,www.mdpi.org/sensors
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