pyrolysis of oil

1. “Performance & emission characteristics of an engine using
tyre oil bio-diesel”.
NAME-BIJAY SHANKER PANDEY
ENROLL NO-14UME020
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II (ME308) PRESENTATION
Department of Mechanical Engineering
National Institute of Technology Manipur
© Th.S.Singh (2017)
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2. CONTENT
q Abstract
q Introduction
q Tyre pyrolysis oil
q Properties of tyre pyrolysis oil
q Experimental Setup
q Results
q Conclusion
q references
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3. Abstract:-
ü Due to the scarcity of conventional fuels and the crude oil, the price was going up
day to day and there will be no more conventional fuels in future and also increasing
the environmental pollution by the usage of crude oils, there is a need for the search
of alternative fuel sources for the automobile applications.
ü Therefore in the present investigation the oil taken is the tyre pyrolysis oil which
was obtained by the pyrolysis of the waste automobile tyres.
ü In the initial stage the test were conducted on four stroke single cylinder diesel
engine by using diesel.
ü Experimental investigations were carried out on the same engine with same
operating parameters by using the tyre pyrolysis oil blended with diesel in different
proportions such as T10, T20 and T30 to find out the performance parameters
and emissions.
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4. Introduction:-
ü Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel, every year in United State 280 millions
tyres are being dumped in the landfills ,hence the tyre pyrolysis oil is produed which
can used in a useful way. Not only in United state all over the world there is an
increase in waste tyres, so scrap tyres are used in the form of pyrolysis tyre oil
which is used as a blend with diesel oil, which increases the efficiency of the engine.
ü Because of this problem, S.Murugan carried out to evaluate the performance and
emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled by
10, 30 and 50 percent blends of Tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) with diesel fuel (DF).
ü Results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the engine fuelled by TPO-DF
blends increased with increase inblend concentration and higher than Diesel. NOx,
HC, CO and Smoke emissions were found to be higher at higher loads due to high
aromatic content.
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5. Pyrolysis oil:-
ü Pyrolysis oil, sometimes also known as biocrude or bio-oil, is a synthetic
fuel under investigation as substitute for petroleum.
OR
ü Pyrolysis oil is the end product of waste plastic and tyre pyrolysis. Pyrolysis oil is
widely used as industrial fuel to substitute furnace oil or industrial diesel.
Tyre pyrolysis oil:-
ü The pyrolysis oil is extracted from waste tyre or waste plastic by our pyrolysis plant,
the pyrolysis plant is a machine converts waste tyre to oil
ü During the process of converting waste tyre/plastic to fuel oil there will be no
pollution and solid waste. The end product of pyrolysis plant is fuel oil, carbon
black, and oil gas.
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6. Preparation of tyre pyrolysis oil:-
ü Initially an automobile tyre was cut into a number
of pieces and the bead, steel wires and fabrics were
removed. Thick rubber at the periphery of the tyre
was alone made into small chips.
ü The tyre chips were washed, dried and fed in to a
mild steel pyrolysis reactor unit.
ü The pyrolysis reactor used was a full insulated
cylindrical chamber of inner diameter 110 mm and
outer diameter 115 mm and height 300 mm.
ü Vacuum was created in the pyrolysis reactor and
then externally heated by means of 1.5 kW heaters.
The process was carried out between 450°C and
650°C in the reactor for 2 hours and 30 minutes.
ü The products of pyrolysis in the form of vapour
were sent to a water cooled condenser and the
condensed liquid was collected as a fuel. The non
condensable gases were let out to atmosphere.
ü The TPO collected was crude in nature. For an
output of 1 kg of TPO about 2.09 kg of waste tyres
feedstock was required.
ü The heat energy required to convert the waste tyres
into the products was around 7.8 MJ/kg. The
residence time of the pyrolysis process was 90
minutes.
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7. Preparation of pyrolysis tyre oil:-
ü Initially an automobile tyre was cut into a number of pieces and the bead, steel wires
and fabrics were removed. Thick rubber at the periphery of the tyre was alone made
into small chips.
ü The tyre chips were washed, dried and fed in to a mild steel pyrolysis reactor unit.
ü The pyrolysis reactor used was a full insulated cylindrical chamber of inner diameter
110 mm and outer diameter 115 mm and height 300 mm.
ü Vacuum was created in the pyrolysis reactor and then externally heated by means of
1.5 kW heaters. The process was carried out between 450°C and 650°C in the
reactor for 2 hours and 30 minutes.
ü The products of pyrolysis in the form of vapour were sent to a water cooled
condenser and the condensed liquid was collected as a fuel. The non condensable
gases were let out to atmosphere.
ü The TPO collected was crude in nature. For an output of 1 kg of TPO about 2.09 kg
of waste tyres feedstock was required.
ü The heat energy required to convert the waste tyres into the products was around 7.8
MJ/kg. The residence time of the pyrolysis process was 90 minutes.
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8. Experimental Setup:- Engine Test Ring
ü The setup is provided with necessary instruments
like Rope brake dynamometer, Smoke meter Gas
analyzer ,etc., for performance and emission
analysis.
ü Experimental Procedure:-
A. Performance, exhaust emission and combustion
tests were carried out on the CI engine using
blends of TPO-DF. All tests were conducted by
starting the engine with DF only.
B. After the engine was warmed up, it was then
switched to TPO-DF blend.
C. At the end of the test, the fuel was switched
back to diesel and the engine was kept running
for some time to flush out the TPO-DF blend by
DF from the fuel line and the injection system,
in order to prevent the fuel system from the
accumulation of TPO-DF which may damage
the system.
KEYWORD:-
TPO-Tyre pyrolysis oil & DF-Diesel fuel
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FIG-Engine Set up
[Yonus et al. (2013)]

9. Specification of the engine:-
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10. Results of above experiment:-
• Performance study:-
1. Brake thermal efficiency:-
ü The brake thermal efficiency with
brake power for TPO-DF blends is
compared with the DF and shown in
Figure below.
ü The brake thermal efficiency for DF
at full load is 29.46 % while with
TPO 10 and TPO 30 it is 28.68 %
and 28.93 % respectively.
ü The brake thermal efficiency for
TPO 50 is 28.39 %.
ü TPO 30 shows a better performance
at all loads compared to TPO 10 and
TPO 50. The reason may be
additional lubricity.
ü In general, the engine operated with
TPO-DF blends give brake thermal
efficiencies marginally higher than
DF.
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11. Brake thermal efficiency:-
ü The variation of brake thermal
efficiency with brake power is
shown in fig. 2.from the the plot
it is observed that as the the
load increases the brake thermal
efficiency increases.
ü At full load condition the brake
thermal efficiency obtained are
23%, 26.07%,24.88%, for fuels
of diesel,TP10,TP20,TP30
respectively.
ü The brake thermal efficiency of
tyre oil blend TP020 increased
when compared to the diesel at
full load condition.
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12. Brake specific fuel consumption:-
ü The plot it is reveals that as the
the load increases the fuel
consumption decreases.
ü At full load condition the BSFC
obtained are 0.36kg/kw-hr, 0.32
kg/kw-hr,0. 34kg/kw-hr
,0.32kg/kw-hr ,034kg/kw-
hr,0.2966kg/kw -hr and
0.32kg/kw-hr for fuels of
diesel,TP10,TP20,TP30 ,TPE
10,TPE 20 &TPE30
respectively.
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13. Indicated Power(IP):-
ü The variation of indicated
power with brake power is
shown in fig.3.the plot it is
reveals that as the the load
increases the indicated power
decreases.
ü At full load condition the
indicated power obtained are
7.1kw,6.18 kw and6.36 klw, for
fuels of diesel,TP10,TP20,TP30
respectively.
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14. Emissions Study:-
ü NOx Emissions:-
ü The variation of NOx emission
with brake power is shown in
fig.the plot it is reveals that as
the the load increases the NOx
emission decreases.
ü At full load condition the NOx
emissions obtained are :
680ppm,782ppm,743ppm. .
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15. Co2 Emission(CO2):-
• The variation of CO2 emission
with brake power is shown in
fig.the plot it is reveals that as
the the load increases the CO2
emission decreases.
• At full load condition the CO2
emissions obtained are:
7.8%,8.2%,7.9, for fuels of
diesel,TP10,TP20,TP30 ,
respectively. The CO2 emission
of tyre oil blend TPE20
decreased when compared to
the diesel at full load condition
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16. CONCLUSIONS:-
ü The conclusions derived from present experimental investigations to
evaluate performance and emission characteristics on diesel engine
fueled with diesel TPO are summarized as follows.
1. Brake thermal efficiency increased with all blends when
compared to the conventional diesel fuel.
2. The Brake specific fuel consumption is decreased with the blends
when compared to diesel.
3. CO2 and NOx emissions are decreased significantly with the
blends when compared with diesel.
4. From the above analysis the blend TPE 20 shows the better
performance compared to other blends(TP 10,TP 20,TP 30,TPE
10&TPE 30) and diesel.
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17. NOMENCLATURE:-
ü B.P Brake Power
ü BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
ü BTH Brake Thermal Efficiency
ü CO Carbon Monoxide
ü NOx Oxides Of Nitrogen
ü TP 10 TYRE PYROLYSIS OIL 10%,ETHANOL 5%,EHN
0.5%,DIESEL 84.5%
ü TP 20 TYRE PYROLYSIS OIL 20%,ETHANOL 5%,EHN
0.5%,DIESEL 74.5%
ü TP 30 TYRE PYROLYSIS OIL 30%,ETHANOL 5%,EHN
0.5%,DIESEL 64.5%
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18. REFERENCES:-
ü International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734,
ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726.
ü [1]. S.Murugan, M.C.Ramaswamy, G.Nagarajan, “The Use of Tyre Pyrolysis Oil in
Diesel Engines”. Waste Management, Volume 28, Issue 12, December 2008, Pages
2743-2749.
ü B.K.Venkanna, C. Venkataramana Reddy, Swati B Wadawadagi, “Performance,
Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Direct Injection Diesel Engine Running
on Rice Bran Oil / Diesel Fuel Blend”. International Journal of Chemical and Bio
molecular Engineering vol 2, No.3, 2009.
ü Adrian.M.Cunnliffe, Williams.P.T, 1998, Journal of Applied and Analytical
Pyrolysis, 44, 131-152.
ü .Murugan, S., Ramaswamy, M.C., Nagarajan, G., 2006, Production of Tyre
Pyrolysis Oil from Waste Automobile Tyres, In the Proceedings of National
conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 899-906
ü .Zabaniotou. A.A., and. Stavropoulos, 2003, Pyrolysis of Used Automobile Tires
and Residual Char Utilization, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol.70,
Issue 2, 711-722.
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19. QUERIES!!
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