BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

1. Building Technology
&
planning
Dr. Bharat Nagar
Professor ,Civil Engg. Department

2. What is building?
•Define as any structure for any
purpose and constructed by any
material , used as human
habitation.
•Include foundation ,plinth and
superstructure

6. Factors for Site Selection of Residential
buildings
•There are many factors which must
be taken in to account while selecting
a site for a commercial and residential
buildings. Some of these factors are
given below.

7. •Shape of the Plot
•Location of the plot
•Availability of facilities
•Water Table
•Sewerage system
•Good soil surface
•Away from quarries, kilns, factories etc
Factors for Site Selection of Residential
buildings

8. Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings
•Shape of the plot:
 Geometry of the plot for any kind of
construction is very important which can largely
effect the appearance of our structure.
Shape of the plot should be such that the
construction can be easily made with cost low as
possible. And also in the future we can further
expand it. A plot with more routes will be
considered a good one.

9. Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings

10. Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings

11. Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings
•Sewerage System:
There should be proper sewerage system at
the site of residential plots.
The site should be on elevated ground & have
slope towards front street to afford facility of
good drainage.
So that the extra water of houses can easily be
drawn out especially in rains and floods.
if in case there is no sewerage system the dirty
water effect the building and as well the
occupants as well.

12. Factors for Site Selection of
Residential buildings
•The situation of site should be such as to
ensure un obstructed natural light and
ventilation
•Sites near high voltage power transmission
lines should be avoided
•The soil should have good bearing capacity ,
hard strata should be available at reasonable
depth (1.20m-1.50m)

13. •The orientation of site should be such that it
received maximum light and air in plenty

14. Site plan
A site plan is an architectural plan showing the building
footprint,parking,drainage facilities, sewer –drainage line,
water lines, landscaping etc.
•The boundary of the plot, shape of site and house
dimensions
•Set back lines at front, back, and sides
•Any permanent boundaries or marks existing should be
indicated on the plan
•Names and width of existing streets and roads
•Centre line should be indicated

15. Site plan
•Elevation at corners of plot
•No of plot and block , if any and names of
adjoining properties
•Direction of wind and north line
•Location details of gas line,under ground
drainage , water mains, man holes, ventilating
pipes etc should be indicated

16. Sun Shading Device
•The objective of shading device is to prevent
direct sunlight penetration into the building’s
interior.
•if the building is located around the equator
region as majority of sunlight gained are on
the East and West facades.

17. Sun Shading Device
•Therefore sun shades only need to be installed
on these 2 sides of the building while the North
and South facing facades can be completely
glazed to achieve maximum view outside.
• However, solar radiation is not gained mainly
from the sun itself only. Let’s take a look at the
diagram below.

18. Sun Shading Device

19. Sun Shading Device

20. Sun Shading Device
•Besides direct sunlight, we get indirect solar
radiation particularly from the ground and the
adjacent buildings.
•If the ground around the building is mainly of
concrete, then there will be notable increase in
temperature to the lower levels of the building

21. •And if the neighboring buildings have bright
colors or extensive reflective glazing on their
facade, then our building will get more amount
of reflected radiation from them. Therefore it is
very important to take the environmental
context into consideration and not focusing
solely on the position of the sun only.

22. Sun Shading Device
•external sun shading device is the most
effective in cutting out sunlight into the
interior.
•the curtain is actually the least effective
approach as sunlight already enter into the
building by the time it hits the curtain. The heat
will build up around the curtain and eventually
warms up the room.
•Blind within double glazing is effective but can
be costly.

23. Sun Shading Device
•For external sun shades
alone, there are many
different types that can
be considered.

24. Sun Shading Device

25. Sun Shading Device

26. Sun Shading Device

27. Sun Shading Device

28. Sun Shading Device
•Once the fundamental concepts of this passive
environmental design is understood, we just
need to be more creative and experiment with
different types of design in order to produce
interesting secondary skin for your buildings

35. Vegetative Shading

36. Vegetative Shading

38. PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING
The last two decade has witnessed a severe energy
crisis in developing countries
especially during summer season primarily
due to cooling load requirements of buildings
.
The energy consumption in
buildings is quite high and is expected to further
increase because of improving
standards of life and increasing world population.

39. PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING
Air conditioning use has increasingly penetrated
the market during the
last few years and greatly contributes
in the upsurge of absolute energy consumption

40. According to the World watch Institute, buildings
consume
about 40% of the world’s energy production.
As a result, buildings are involved in producing
about
40% of the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
that cause acid rain and contribute
to smog formation.
PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING

41. Building energy use also produces 33% of
all annual carbon dioxide emissions, significantly
contributing to the climate
changes brought about by the accumulation of
this heat trapping gas
.
In India, the building sector represents about
33% of total electricity consumption, with
commercial sector accounting for 8% and
25 % respectively

42. A ‘passive’ solar
design involves
the use of
natural processes for
heating or cooling
to achieve
balanced interior
conditions.
PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING

43. Solar shading
•Shading by overhangs, louvers
•Shading of roof
(Roofs can be shaded by providing
roof cover of concrete or plants or
canvas or earthen pots etc )
•Shading by trees and vegetation
METHODS OF PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING

44. PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING
Induced ventilation
techniques
•Solar chimney
•Air vents
•Wind tower

45. Induced ventilation through curved roof
and air vents

47. Radiative cooling
Evaporative cooling

48. Building Aspect
•Positioning of buildings in relation to the
movement of the sun
•Which way should a building face?
•Which way should its constituent parts face?

49. SITE SELECTION
ACCORDING TO
VASTU

50. Site selection according to vastu
•Types of soil
•Earth is classified according to its color like
brick red, dark brown, black, yellow or mixed,
according to its smell, texture and taste. Black
and clayey soil is not good for construction.
•The soil white in color, having lotus smell,
sweet taste and which contains greenery is
considered very good.
•The soil red in color, smelling blood and
astringent in taste is good but needs some

51. •The soil yellow/pale green in color, greenish
smell and sour taste is average and needs a lot
of rectification before commencement of work.
•The soil black in color, having pungent small
and bitter taste should be avoided as it is not
auspicious for construction of the houses.

52. Location and buying
•The location of the plot is very important as
the surroundings affects us directly and
indirectly. You must take care of the following
things

53. •One should not buy the land from people
suffering from prolonged sickness or who have
become insolvent, distressed or unfortunate
people as the atmosphere of the particular
space depends on the people living there.
•The soil of the land should not contain ant-
hills, bones, skeletons.
•Old houses which are damaged due to fire,
lighting, rain and storm etc., are not good.
•You should not buy the land which is

54. Topography and surroundings
•There are several factors which make a plot
useable or non useable. The four directions,
the shape, the existence of highways,
cremation places, rivers, wells, places of
worships, they all influence the VASTU of the
place

55. •There should not be any tomb adjacent to the
plot or in front or the back. If this is the
condition, the people residing in that house
will live in fear and will never have the peace of
mind.
•A temple, church, mosque also should not be
in front of any house otherwise the inmates
will always be sick and mentally upset.
•Falling of shadows of the temples and trees
nearby on the main building brings undesirable

56. Selection of the plot
•Facing of the plots are considered important
but there is a wrong notion that North and East
facing plots are better than South and West
facing plots. This is not true, all the directions
are equally important; it is up to us how much
we follow the rules

57. •The plot should be either square or rectangle
in shape.
•Irregular shapes should be avoided or should
be cured before construction.
•The site should be level or sloping towards
North or east or North-East

58. Vaastu Tips For Plot Selection
•Choose a plot that doesn't have an irregular
shape. Square or rectangle shape plot is
considered good. Make sure that the plot
doesn't have any cracks
•It is advisable to buy a plot that has the main
entrance in the mid-west or in the northern
portion of the plot

59. •A plot-facing road from all sides is considered
auspicious
•People of different occupations are affected by
certain directions chosen for plot. For instance, a plot
facing east is considered favorable for scholars,
philosophers, priests, teachers and professors.
•For people handling administration of a firm,
selecting a plot facing north is good. Government
employees can also choose a plot facing north

60. •In case you are a business person, then
purchase a plot that faces south. For the people
providing services to the society, opting for a
plot facing west is good.
•According to vaastu shasthra, fertile plot with
greenery surrounding it is considered
auspicious.

61. •Make sure that there is no graveyard or tomb in
the front, back or adjacent to your plot.
•Avoid the plot that is located in the vicinity of
schools, colleges or cinema theatre

62. •Do not purchase a plot, to which rain
water from the roof of the neighborhood
falls.
•Make sure that there is not tall building
located in the north eastern side of your
plot, because it would ruin your mental
peace. However, if the high-rise building
is located in the south, south west or
western side, you may purchase the plot.

63. •Avoid purchasing a plot with
rivers or canal flowing on west or
south side of the plot.
•Make sure that there is no pillar,
electric or post nearby your plot.