Pankaj gbu presentation

E-Waste
&
its management in india
Environment & Energy Planning
School of Engineering
Environment planning
Greater Noida, U.P.
EEN / SOE / GBU- Gr. Noida
GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA
PRESENTED BY:
PANKAJ KUMAR

Introduction Of wasteSolid
Waste
Municipal
waste
Electronic
waste
Biomedical
waste
Industrial
waste 2

What Is It?
• E-Waste is a shortening of
electronic waste.
• Any improperly disposed
electronics can be
classified as e-waste.
 E-waste comprises of waste
electronics goods which are
not fit for their originally
intended use.
 Such electronics goods may be
television, telephones, radios,
computers, printers, fax
machines, DVDs and CDs etc.

Effects of E-waste
On Environment
 Pollution of Ground-Water.
 Acidification of soil.
 Air Pollution.
 E-Waste accounts for 40
percent of the lead and 75
percent of the heavy metals
found in landfills.
On Human Health
 DNA damage.
 Lung Cancer.
 Damage to heart, liver and
spleen.
 Chronic damage to the brain.
 Asthmatic bronchitis.

The Issue
• Due to the breakneck speed of the modern world at
developing new electronics and discarding old ones, a
huge problem is brewing.
• The recycling procedures used in disposal centers in
rural china lead to toxic materials like lead to seep into
the surrounding environment.
• This practice occurs all over places like India, Pakistan,
Singapore, and specifically, China.
• The example being studied is the small village of Guiyu,
China, which has become a centerpiece in this issue.

Map of e-waste recycling countries

Facts and
Figures
6000
mobile
phones
gives
3.5 kg
Silver
340 gm
of Gold
140 gm of
Palladium
130 gm
of
Copper
7
1 Metric Ton of
Electronic scrap
contains more gold
than
17 Ton of Gold
from gold ore
1 PC
1.5 tons of
water
48 pound
of
chemicals
539 pound
of fossil
fuels

Toxic Substances Present
in E-waste
• There are many harmful materials used in consumer
electronics including lead, cadmium, mercury and
plastics.

Effects of Toxins: Lead
• Lead can be found in circuit boards and monitor cathode ray tubes
(CRTs). Lead is particularly dangerous to the environment
because of its ability to accumulate and persist in plants, animals,
and microorganisms (Puckett et al. 2002: 11). The
bioaccumulation of lead in the human body is particularly harmful
because its primary target is the central nervous system. Lead can
cause permanent damage to the brain and nervous system,
causing retardation and behavioral changes. Infants and young
children are particularly susceptible because of the impairment of
cognitive and behavioral development it can cause (Ryan et al.
2004: 19A).

Effects of Toxins: Cadmium
• Cadmium can be found in SMD (surface mount device) chip
resistors, infrared detectors and semiconductors (Puckett et al.
2002: 11). Like lead, cadmium is particularly toxic to humans
because it accumulates in the human body and poses an
environmental danger due to both acute and chronic toxicity
(Puckett et al. 2002: 11). Renal damage is the most common
effect of cadmium toxicity. Cadmium that enters the system
through the gastrointestinal tract resides in human kidneys with
a half-life of 10-20 years (Nordberg et al. 1985).

Effects of toxins: Mercury
• Mercury is the most prevalent toxic metal found in e-waste. It is
in circuit boards, switches, medical equipment, lamps, mobile
phones, and batteries. Mercury transforms into methylmercury
in water, where it can accumulate in living organisms, typically
via fish, concentrating in large fish and humans at the top of
the food chain (Puckett et al. 2002: 11). Mercury is readily
absorbed by the human body, ultimately inhibiting enzymatic
activity and leading to cell damage (Boyer et al. 1959).

Effects of toxins: Plastics
• The most abundant component of e-waste is plastics. Plastics
comprise almost twenty-three percent of a typical desktop
computer (Microelectronics 1995). They are used for insulation,
cables and housing for all electronic devices; the variety of
products available for recovery complicates the de-
manufacturing process. Due to the complex recovery process,
large amounts of plastic e-waste are disposed of through
landfills, incinerators and open burning, allowing toxic
substances to leach into the environment.

The Problem IN Pictures

Effects on humans

Effects on surrounding environment
• Large amounts of imported e-waste material and process
residues never get recycled and are simply dumped in open
fields; along riverbanks, ponds, and wetlands; in rivers; and in
irrigation ditches (Puckett et al. 2002: 23-24). This
indiscriminate dumping has exacerbated contamination of
drinking water sources and sediments. Water samples from the
Liangjiang River outside of Guiyu, China show cadmium and
lead levels to be well above World Health Guidelines and EPA
Drinking Water Standards (table 1)

Related Organizations
 E-Parisaraa Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, Karnataka.
 Attero Recycling Pvt. Ltd., Roorkee,
Uttarakhand.
 Eco Recycling Pvt. Ltd., Andheri(East), Mumbai.
 K. G. Nandini, near Bangalore, Karnataka.
 Trishyiraya Recycling India Pvt. Ltd., Chennai.
 Tess Amm Ltd., Chennai.

Impacts of Informal Recycling
 CRT breaking operations result in injuries from cuts and acids and
respiratory problems due to shredding, burning etc.
 Waste components which does not have any resale or reuse value
are openly burnt or disposed off in open dumps.
 Plastic casings, cables and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable
insulation can release highly toxic dioxins and furans when
burned.

Initiatives Taken
 To reduce informal recycling government has taken following
steps :
 Several workshops on electronic waste management has
been organized by CPCB.
 Demonstration projects have also been set up by DIT at the
Indian Telephone Industries.
 Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is an environmental
policy approach in which a producer’s responsibility for a product
is extended to the post consumer stage.
 Indo-German-Swiss e-waste initiative has been taken in 2004.

E-waste Challenges
 Accurate figures not available for rapidly increasing e-waste
volumes generated domestically and by imports.
 Low level of awareness among manufacturers and consumers of
the hazards of incorrect e-waste disposal.
 Major portion of e-waste is processed by the informal
(unorganized) sector using rudimentary techniques.

Responsibility and Role
Industries
 Manufacturers, distributors, and retailers should undertake the
responsibility of recycling/disposal of their own products.
 Manufacturers must be responsible for educating consumers
regarding the potential threat posed by their products.
 Companies should adopt Waste Minimizing Techniques.

Conclusion
 Solid waste management becoming more complicated by the
invasion of e-waste, particularly computer waste.
 Establishment of e-waste collection, exchange and recycling
centers should be encouraged.
 Policy level interventions should include development of e-waste
regulation, control of import and export of e-wastes.

Pankaj gbu presentation

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