Teaching of biology

2. RELATIONSHIP OF BIOLOGY WITH
CHEMISTRY
Presented to : Mam Afshan Mumtaz
Presented by : Miss Ayesha S/2019-2418
Miss Sobia S/2019-2436
Mr. Adnan Majeed

3. Contents
• What is biology?
• What is chemistry?
• What is biochemistry?
• Major and Minor elements
• How living structures are related to chemistry?
• Biological life processes in Human body
• How biological molecules are relate with chemistry?
• Biological processes
• Chemistry in the diagnosis and treatment
• Nuclear Medicine imaging
• Chemical Ecology
• Bioluminescene
• Nitrogen cycle

4. What is Biology?
• Biology is the study of
life.
• It is the scientific study of
living organisms.
• Includes both Botany &
Zoology

5. What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of
Structures
Composition
Properties

6. Biochemistry
Chemistry of living
organisms
It studies various
processes and chemical
reactions that occurs in
living cell.
It bridges the study of
biology and chemistry.

7. Major & Minor Elements in Human Body
• Almost 99% of the mass of the human
body is made up of six elements:
• Oxygen
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Nitrogen
• Calcium
• Phosphorus

8. Cont.….
Only about 0.85% of human body is composed of
another five minor elements:
 potassium
 sulphur
 Sodium
 chlorine
 magnesium

9. How living structures are related to
chemistry?
Living structures are
•Cell
•Cell membrane
•Cell wall and other organelles

10. Cell Membrane
•Chemistry explains how the
chemicals
( carbohydrates, proteins &
lipids )
are arranged and in what
proportion to form cell
membrane

11. Biological Life process in Human Body
• Metabolism
• Digestion
• Respiration
• Excretion
• Transpiration
• Nutrients

12. Metabolism
• Chemical processes by which
molecules in our body breaks down
food
• Catabolism
• Anabolism

13. Digestion
•Digestion involves chemicals
•Amylase
•Lipase
•Protease
•Hcl

14. Excretion
•Excretion involves chemicals
•Urea
•Water
•Salts
•carbondioxide

15. Transportation
Animals
• Substances transported are
ions, glucose, glycerol,
minerals, vitamins, fatty acids,
amino acids and hormones.
Plants
• Substances transported are
water, minerals, sugars and
amino acids

16. Nutrients
• Seven major classes of nutrients are
• Carbohydrates
• fats
• fibre
• minerals
• proteins
• Vitamins
• and water

17. How biological molecules relate with
chemistry
Living organisms contain some biological molecules in their body
these are
• Nucleic acids
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• lipids

18. Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic acids are made up of Nucleotides
• A nucleotide is made up of three parts
• phosphate group
• 5-carbon sugar
• nitrogenous base

20. Proteins
• Protein is found throughout the body in
• muscles
• bone
• skin
• Hair
• and virtually every other body part or
tissue

22. Hairs & Nails
• The hairs & nails are made up of 95% keratin

23. Lipids
Organic compounds formed by
elements like Carbon ,Hydrogen
and Oxygen
lipids function as an
Energy reserve
Regulate hormones
Transmit nerve impulses

24. Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates consist of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• provide energy to the body
• Prevent blood clotting
• occur in many sugars and
dietary fibre and food

25. Nerve impulse
A nerve impulse is the way
nerve cells (neurons)
communicate with one another
 Ions that are important in the
formation of a nerve impulse
include
sodium (Na+)
potassium (K+)

26. Biological Processes

27. Photosynthesis

28. Breathing
• Breathing is the process of moving air out and in the lungs to
facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly to
flush out carbon dioxide and bring in oxygen

29. Metabolic process
•Chemical
processes by
which molecules
in our body
breaks down
food

30. Water
•About 70 percent
of the human
body is made up of
water and,
coincidentally,
more than 70
percent of Earth is
covered in water.

31. Chemistry in the diagnosis and treatment of
diseases
• Chemical pathology
• It involves the biochemical
investigation of bodily fluids such as
blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid.
• Many illnesses are reflected in a
disturbance in the body’s chemistry.
• Chemical pathology brings together
science and medicine.

32. Radioactive Material used in Medicines
Nuclear medicines
• use very small amount of radioactive material called
radiotracers
• These medicines are used to diagnose and treat
diseases
Example:
 Cobalt-60 is used in radiation therapy to treat cancer
 Iodine-131is used in the therapy of thyroid glands

33. Nuclear Medicine Imaging
• Nuclear Medicine Imaging is a
unique technique to diagnose the
diseases using radiotracers
• In nuclear medicine
imaging, radiopharmaceuticals are
taken internally, for example,
through inhalation, intravenously
or orally.
• Then, external detectors (gamma
cameras) capture and form images
from the radiation emitted by the
radio pharmaceuticals.

34. Chemical Ecology
• Study of chemically-mediated interactions
between living organisms, and the effects of
those interactions on the demography,
behavior and ultimately evolution of the
organisms involved
• For example
• honeybee secretes pheromones which
impacts on the behavior of receiving honeybee

35. Bioluminescence
•Bioluminescence is the
production and emission of
light by a living organism
•It occurs through a chemical
reaction that produces light
energy within an organism's
body

36. Nitrogen cycle

37. References
• Bishop, A.C., Shah, K., Liu, Y., Witucki, L., Kung, C.-y., and Shokat, K.M. (1998).
Curr. Biol. 8, 257–266.
• Chiellini, G., Arietta, J.W., Yoshihara, H.A., Baxter, J.D., Ribeiro, R.C.J., and
Scanlan, T.S. (1998). Chem. Biol. 5, 299–306.
• Crabtree, G.R., and Schreiber, S.L. (1996). Trends Brioche. Sci. 21, 418–422.
• Dervan, P.B., and Burli, R.W. (1999). Curr. Open. Chem. Biol. 3, 688–693.
• Gordon, E.J., Sanders, W.J., and Kiessling, L.L. (1998). Nature 392, 30–31.
• Hertzberg, R.P
., and Dervan, P.B. (1982). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 313–315.
• Lerner, R.A., Benkovic, S.J., and Schultz, P.G. (1991). Science 252, 659–667.