2. CONTENT:
• INTRODUCTION
• CLASSIFICATION OF PNEUMONIA
• PATHOGENESIS OF PNEUMONIA
• MECHANISM OF OUR LUNGS
• STAGES OF PNEUMONIA
• SYMPTOMS
• DIAGNOSIS
• TREATMENT
• PREVENTION OF PNEUMONIA
3. INTRODUCTION
• PNEUMONIA is an inflammatory condition affecting the air sacs in
one or both lungs ,most commonly due to an infection .The air sacs
are called ALVEOLI and may fill with pus or fluid , making it very
difficult to breath
• Many germs can cause pneumonia , but the most common are
bacteria and viruses in the air we breathe.
• Pneumonia affects approximately 450million people globally
resulting in about 4 million deaths per year.
• Pneumonia may range in seriousness from mild to fatal .
4.
5.
6. CLASSIFICATION OF PNEUMONIA
1.COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA:
community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a type of
lung infection that occurs outside of a healthcare
facility or hospital setting. it’s typically caused by
bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms.
7. 2)HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
• Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), also known as nosocomial
pneumonia,is a type of lung infection that develops during a
hospital stay or within 48 hours of being discharged from the
hospital.
• It is typically caused by bacteria, including drug-resistant
strains, and it can be more severe than community-acquired
pneumonia (CAP) because the patient in hospital often have
weakened immune system or underlying health condition.
8. VENTILATOR ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
• Ventilator acquired pneumonia (VAP) is a type of lung infection that
occurs in individuals who are on mechanical ventilation (breathing
machines) in hospitals.
• It often develops 48 hours or more after a patient has been placed on a
ventilator.
• (VAP) can be caused by various bacteria, and it’s a serious concern in
health care settings because it can lead to complications and
prolonged hospital stays.
• Preventative measures, such as proper hand hygiene, head-of- bed
elevation, and regular oral care, are essential to reduce the risk of VAP
9. HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
• Health care associated pneumonia (HCAP) refers to
pneumonia that develops in individuals who have recently
received health care services,such as those in hospitals,
nursing homes, long term care facilities,or those receiving out
patient care like dialysis or chemotherapy.
• HCAP differs from community acquired pneumonia because
the risk factor and potential causative organisms may be
different due to exposure to health care settings
11. MECHANISM OF OUR LUNGS
• 1. SPEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED
COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
• 2. IgA
• 3. MACROPHAGE
12. STAGES OF PNEUMONIA
• 1) ST AGE OF CONGESTION :
capillaries are filled with exudates the
exudates are enter in to the alveoli.
• 2) STAGE OF RED HEPATIZATION:
The capillary is leaked out the RED blood cells (RBC), that is
enter into the alveoli.
• 3) STAGE OF GREY HEPATIZATION:
The white blood cell ( WBC) and fibrinogens are enter into
the alveoli
• 4) RESOLUTION:
The alveoli filled with RBC ,WBC and FIBRINOGENS are
destroyed ,That the reason of unfavourable environment in ALVEOLI. Finally
the pus is formed, the Formation pus with fluid in this process is called
consolidation .
