The document discusses the history and components of concrete. It begins with the group members working on the project and their college. It then covers the early history of cement from its invention in 1824 to its manufacturing in India. The main components of concrete are discussed as cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, and water. Different types and properties of aggregates are described. The document outlines various types of concrete and the concrete mixing and curing processes. It concludes by emphasizing the important role cement has played in construction over the past 100 years.

1. GROUP MEMBER-
-Sumit Kumar Pandey
-Mridul pandey
-Sagun Ram
-Alok kumar maurya
-Anurag yadav
SAMBHUNATH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
B.tech. 2nd year

3.  Early history of cement
 Components of Concrete
 Types of Concrete
 Concrete Mix Design
 Conclusion

4. Early history of cement
 First cement was invented by Joseph Aspidin on 21st
October 1824.
 First cement factory was started at Portland in
England.
 In India, cement was first manufactured in 1904
in Madras by South India Industrial Ltd.
 Next generation was started by Indian Cement
Co. Ltd(1912 – 1913

5. Manufacture of cement
Two ways of Manufacturing cement
 Dry Process
 Wet Process (addition of Water)

6. Components of Concrete
Cement
 Aggregates
Fine Aggregates
Coarse Aggregates
Water

7. Shapes of Aggregates
• Rounded Aggregates – fully water worn
• Irregular Aggregates – having rounded edges
• Angular Aggregates – well defined edges
• Flaky Aggregates – with small thickness, angular

8. Types of Concrete
 Fresh Concrete
 Hardened Concrete
 Special Concrete
 Light – Weight Concrete
 Fibre Reinforced Concrete
 Reinforced Cement Concrete
 High Density Concrete
 Self Compacting Concrete(scc)

9. Process of Manufacturing of Concrete
 Batching
Volume Batching
Weigh Batching
 Mixing
Machine Mixing
Hand Mixing
 Transportation
Pumps and Pipelines

10.  Placing
Form work
Stripping time
Under Water Concreting
 Compaction
Hand compaction
Internal vibrators
Vibratory Rollers

11.  Curing
Water Curing
Steam Curing
Electrical Curing
 Finishing
Form work finishes
Applied Finish
Grinding and Polishing

12. Concrete Mix Design
 For a concrete technologist, he should have a
minimum knowledge about CMD.
 CMD can be defined as process of selecting suitable
ingredients of concrete and determining their relative
proportions with object of producing concrete of certain
minimum strength and durability as economically as
possible.

13.  American concrete institute method
 Indian standard’s method

14.  Hence cement plays a key role over past 100 years,
when human started construction.
 Cement is the most binding material used by human.
 Cement has more compression and steel has more
tension.
 No other material is present, which can replace
cement.
CONCLUSION