This presentation is a part of Digital Humanities, which focuses on Machine Translation. MT is a subfield of Computational Linguistics, which can translate a text from one language to another language.

1. Literary Theory and Crticism
Name : Asha R. Dhedhi
Roll no : 02
Semester: M.A. SEM - 2 (2020-21)
Enrollment No: 2069108420200010
Topic: Local Languages in Machine Translation
Email ID: ashadhedhi1806@gmail.com
Submitted to: Department of English
(MKBU)

2. What is Machine Translation?
● Sub-Field of
Computational Linguistic
● Machine Translation is
the task of Automatically
convert the Source text
in one langauage to
another language

3. A Brief History of Machine
Translation

4. Four Types of Machine
Translation
Statistical Machine
Translation
Rule-Based Machine
Translation
Hybrid Machine
Translation
Neural Machine
Translation

5. Gujarati Proverbs translated in
Google Translation
● Translate the proverbs without context
● Straightforward translation

7. Gender-biased Language

8. Disambiguation
● No suitable translation when a word have more than
one meaning
● Yohoshua Bar-Hillel pointed out that…..
“Translation Machine should not only be
supplied with a diction but also with a
“Universal EEncyclopedia.”
(The Present Status of Automatic Translation Machine)

9. Use of Controlled Language
Natural
Language
Controlled
Natural Language
Evolved naturally in
Human through
repetition without
conscious planning.
Sub-sets of natural
Languages

10. How to Avoid Controlled Language
According to Sharon O’Brien
● Keep Sentences Short
● Avoid the Use of Pronoun
● Only Use Dictionary approved word
● Use only Active Voice

11. Advantages of Machine
Translation
● Fast and Efficient
● Less Time Consuming
● Comparatively Cheap
● Flexibility of Machine Translator
● Easily Available
● Multiple Language Supporting

12. Limitations of Machine Translation
● Simplistic Word Choice
● Lack of Context
● Accuracy Level is very Law
● Lack of Quality Translation
● Difficult to Translate Slang, Nuances and other
culturally relevant phrases
● Loses consciseness of Language
● Poor Understanding of Parent
Language(Source Text)

13. References
● Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua. (1960) “The Present Status of Automatic
Translation of Languages.” Advances in Computers, Volume 1, pp.
91–163.
● Casacuberta, Francisco; Civera, Jorge; Cubel, Elsa
Lagarda,Antonio; Lapalme, Guy; Macklovitch, Elliott; Vidal, Enrique;
(2009) “Human Interaction for High-Quality Machine Translation.”
Communications of the ACM, pp. 135–138.
● Lyons, John (1991). Natural Language and Universal Grammar. New
York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 68–70. ISBN 978-0521246965.

14. ● O'Brien, Sharon (2003). "Controlling Controlled English - An
Analysis of Several Controlled Language Rule Sets.”
● Shah, Asharam Dalichand. (1921) Gujarati Kahevat
Sangraha:A Collection of Gujarati Proverb. 2nd ed., Published
by Mulchand Asharam Shah.