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Literary Theory and Crticism
Name : Asha R. Dhedhi
Roll no : 02
Semester: M.A. SEM - 2 (2020-21)
Enrollment No: 2069108420200010
Topic: Local Languages in Machine Translation
Email ID: ashadhedhi1806@gmail.com
Submitted to: Department of English
(MKBU)
What is Machine Translation?
● Sub-Field of
Computational Linguistic
● Machine Translation is
the task of Automatically
convert the Source text
in one langauage to
another language
A Brief History of Machine
Translation
Four Types of Machine
Translation
Statistical Machine
Translation
Rule-Based Machine
Translation
Hybrid Machine
Translation
Neural Machine
Translation
Gujarati Proverbs translated in
Google Translation
● Translate the proverbs without context
● Straightforward translation
Gender-biased Language
Disambiguation
● No suitable translation when a word have more than
one meaning
● Yohoshua Bar-Hillel pointed out that…..
“Translation Machine should not only be
supplied with a diction but also with a
“Universal EEncyclopedia.”
(The Present Status of Automatic Translation Machine)
Use of Controlled Language
Natural
Language
Controlled
Natural Language
Evolved naturally in
Human through
repetition without
conscious planning.
Sub-sets of natural
Languages
How to Avoid Controlled Language
According to Sharon O’Brien
● Keep Sentences Short
● Avoid the Use of Pronoun
● Only Use Dictionary approved word
● Use only Active Voice
Advantages of Machine
Translation
● Fast and Efficient
● Less Time Consuming
● Comparatively Cheap
● Flexibility of Machine Translator
● Easily Available
● Multiple Language Supporting
Limitations of Machine Translation
● Simplistic Word Choice
● Lack of Context
● Accuracy Level is very Law
● Lack of Quality Translation
● Difficult to Translate Slang, Nuances and other
culturally relevant phrases
● Loses consciseness of Language
● Poor Understanding of Parent
Language(Source Text)
References
● Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua. (1960) “The Present Status of Automatic
Translation of Languages.” Advances in Computers, Volume 1, pp.
91–163.
● Casacuberta, Francisco; Civera, Jorge; Cubel, Elsa
Lagarda,Antonio; Lapalme, Guy; Macklovitch, Elliott; Vidal, Enrique;
(2009) “Human Interaction for High-Quality Machine Translation.”
Communications of the ACM, pp. 135–138.
● Lyons, John (1991). Natural Language and Universal Grammar. New
York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 68–70. ISBN 978-0521246965.
● O'Brien, Sharon (2003). "Controlling Controlled English - An
Analysis of Several Controlled Language Rule Sets.”
● Shah, Asharam Dalichand. (1921) Gujarati Kahevat
Sangraha:A Collection of Gujarati Proverb. 2nd ed., Published
by Mulchand Asharam Shah.

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Machine translation

  • 1. Literary Theory and Crticism Name : Asha R. Dhedhi Roll no : 02 Semester: M.A. SEM - 2 (2020-21) Enrollment No: 2069108420200010 Topic: Local Languages in Machine Translation Email ID: ashadhedhi1806@gmail.com Submitted to: Department of English (MKBU)
  • 2. What is Machine Translation? ● Sub-Field of Computational Linguistic ● Machine Translation is the task of Automatically convert the Source text in one langauage to another language
  • 3. A Brief History of Machine Translation
  • 4. Four Types of Machine Translation Statistical Machine Translation Rule-Based Machine Translation Hybrid Machine Translation Neural Machine Translation
  • 5. Gujarati Proverbs translated in Google Translation ● Translate the proverbs without context ● Straightforward translation
  • 6.
  • 8. Disambiguation ● No suitable translation when a word have more than one meaning ● Yohoshua Bar-Hillel pointed out that….. “Translation Machine should not only be supplied with a diction but also with a “Universal EEncyclopedia.” (The Present Status of Automatic Translation Machine)
  • 9. Use of Controlled Language Natural Language Controlled Natural Language Evolved naturally in Human through repetition without conscious planning. Sub-sets of natural Languages
  • 10. How to Avoid Controlled Language According to Sharon O’Brien ● Keep Sentences Short ● Avoid the Use of Pronoun ● Only Use Dictionary approved word ● Use only Active Voice
  • 11. Advantages of Machine Translation ● Fast and Efficient ● Less Time Consuming ● Comparatively Cheap ● Flexibility of Machine Translator ● Easily Available ● Multiple Language Supporting
  • 12. Limitations of Machine Translation ● Simplistic Word Choice ● Lack of Context ● Accuracy Level is very Law ● Lack of Quality Translation ● Difficult to Translate Slang, Nuances and other culturally relevant phrases ● Loses consciseness of Language ● Poor Understanding of Parent Language(Source Text)
  • 13. References ● Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua. (1960) “The Present Status of Automatic Translation of Languages.” Advances in Computers, Volume 1, pp. 91–163. ● Casacuberta, Francisco; Civera, Jorge; Cubel, Elsa Lagarda,Antonio; Lapalme, Guy; Macklovitch, Elliott; Vidal, Enrique; (2009) “Human Interaction for High-Quality Machine Translation.” Communications of the ACM, pp. 135–138. ● Lyons, John (1991). Natural Language and Universal Grammar. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 68–70. ISBN 978-0521246965.
  • 14. ● O'Brien, Sharon (2003). "Controlling Controlled English - An Analysis of Several Controlled Language Rule Sets.” ● Shah, Asharam Dalichand. (1921) Gujarati Kahevat Sangraha:A Collection of Gujarati Proverb. 2nd ed., Published by Mulchand Asharam Shah.