Fuel from plastic waste

1. SUMMITED BY:-
SAUMY
ATIWARI
201391034051
B.Tech (ME) 3RD YEAR
SUMMITED TO:-
ER.RAJAT KUSWHAHA

2. INTRODUCTION
• Waste to energy is the process of generating
energy in the form of electricity, heat or fuel.
• It is a form of energy recovery.
• Most waste to energy processes produce
energy directly through combustion or
produce a combustible fuel commodity such
as methane, methanol, ethanol or synthetic
fuel.

3. WHAT IS PLASTIC?
• Plastic includes materials composed of various
elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, sulphur.
• Plastics are macromolecules formed by
polymerization and having the ability to be
shaped by the application of reasonable amount
of heat and pressure and any other force.
• Polyethylene, polyvinylchloride and polystyrene
are largely used in manufacturing of plastics.

4. NEED FOR PLASTIC WASTE
MANAGEMENT
• The world’s annual production of plastic
materials has been steadily increasing at a rate
of nearly 5% over the past 20 yrs due to
economic growth and the change of
consumption and production patterns.
• More resources used- more plastic waste
generated.
• Waste plastic is causing problem to the
environment and human health.

6. Plastic waste management
Plastic waste
management
Conventional
Technique
Burning Landfilling
New
Technique
Pyrolysis
technique

8. PYROLYSIS

9. • Pyrolysisis a thermochemical decomposition
of organic matter at high temperature in
absence of oxygen.
• It involves simultaneous change of chemical
composition and physical phase and is
irreversible.
• Pyrolysis of organic substances produces gas
and liquid products and leaves a solid residue
rich in carbon content, char.
• Pyrolysis differs from other processes like
combustion and hydrolysis because it does not
involves reaction with oxygen.

11. • Plastics are shredded and then heated in an
oxygen free chamber to about 400 degree
celsius.
• As the plastic boils gas is separated out and
often reuse to fuel the machine itself.
• The fuel is then distilled and filtered because
the entire process takes place inside a vacuum
and the plastic is melted not burned, no
resultant toxins are released into the air as all
the gases or sludge are reused to fuel the
machine.

12. DISADVANTAGESOF TRADITIONAL
PLASTIC DISPOSING METHODS
• Plastic is easy to burn but it produces toxic
gases when burned.
• Landfills of the post consumed plastics has
potential problem because of limited land
resources and high durability of plastics.
• Incineration generate poisonous substances
and causes serious health problems.

13. ADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC PYROLYSIS
PLANT
• SAFE- Hydroseal and vacuum system prevent
exhaust gas from going back to condensor and
reactor
. Thus unnecessary accident can be
avoided.
• HIGH EFFICIENCY- It consist of tubular
condensor that has the features of larger
cooling area and better cooling effect which
improve the oil yield efficiency.

14. ADVANTAGES OF THE PROCESS
• Recycles energy of waste plastics into usable
fuel.
• Offers renewable energy source.
• Eliminates hazards of land pollution by waste
plastic.
• The end products can be used for generating
electricity.

16. COMPARISON OF DIESEL WITH PYROLYSIS
DERIVED FUEL
• The diesel range products in the LDPE derived
fuels contain the same linear chain alkanes as
those in the fresh diesel.
• The content of alkene in LDPE derived
products is much higher than that in diesel,
which decreases the storage stability of fuel.
• Plastic derived diesel contains high proportion
of linear alkane.

17. ADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC FUEL
• Waste plastic could be used as fuel after
pyrolysis.
• The fuels produced from pyrolysis do not
contain sulphur.
• The waste plastic to fuel conversion plant
produces clean fuel which does not need
further cleaning.

18. APPLICATIONS OF FUEL PRODUCED
FROM PLASTIC
• Fuel is utilized in heavy oil generators for
generating electricity.
• Used in refining factories for additional
processing.
• It also serve as heating material in variety of
processes.
• This fuel can be used in many factories for e.g.
electricity, ceramic industries among others to
facilitate the production processes.