This document discusses various schools of psychology and methods of educational psychology. It describes six major schools: structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, constructivism, humanism. For each school, it provides the advocates, focus, methodology, and educational contributions. It also outlines five key methods used in educational psychology: introspection, case study, experimental, survey, and observation methods. It provides brief descriptions and steps for each method.

1. SCHOOLS
AND
METHODS OF
PSYCHOLOGY
K. ARUNKUMAR
Assistant Professor
Vellalar College of Education,
Erode -12
UNIT 1

2. Psychology – Greek word
Psyche – Soul, Mind
Logus - Science
Psychology

3. Psychology
Study
Soul
Mind
Consciousness
Behaviour
STUDY OF
HUMAN
BEHAVIOUR

4. Applying Psychological Concepts in
Educational Environment
Educational Psychology

5. Educational psychology is the science of
Education (Peel,E.A.)
Definitions of Educational Psychology
Educational psychology is the branch of
psychology which deals with teaching
and learning (Skinner)

6. Scope of Educational Psychology
1. Learner
2. Learning process
3. Learning Environment
4. Teacher
5. Evaluation

7. SCHOOLS OF
PSYCHOLOGY

8. Study of human behaviour by using
different approaches
Try to understand the human behaviour
in different perspective
Schools of Psychological Thought

9. A group of psychologist having similar point of views
and making similar approaches to study the human
mind or behavior constitutes a school of thought in
psychology.
Schools of Psychological thought

10. 1. Advocates / Exponents
2. Focus
3. Method
4. Educational Contribution
Schools of Psychological thought

11. STRUCTURALISM
WILHELM WUNDT
E.B. TICHENER

12. To study and understand the
human mind and its structure
Analyze the elements of mental
experiences, such as sensations,
mental images, and feelings, and how
these elements combine to form more
complex experiences.
Focus
STRUCTURALISM

13. Introspection Method
Method
Educational Contribution
Systematic observation
Experimental method
Give science crown to psychology
STRUCTURALISM

14. FUNCTIONALISM
William James
John Dewey

15. Focus
Instead of studying mind
structure, concentrating on the
function of the mind that adapts
to one's own environment
FUNCTIONALISM

16. Method
Educational Contribution
Introspection Method + Observation method
Replacing theoretical overloaded curriculum with practical
approaches
learning by doing
Birth to utilitarian theory of education (Applied Courses)
FUNCTIONALISM

17. BEHAVOURISM
J.B.WASTSON
IVAN PAVLOV

18. Behaviorism focuses its attention
totally on the overt or observable
behavior that can be measured
scientifically
BEHAVOURISM

19. Method
Educational Contribution
Observation method
Shaping behavior and behavior modification programs
Self instructional programs
Reinforcement
BEHAVOURISM

20. JEAN PIAGET
LEV VYGOTSKY
CONSTRUCTIVISM

21. CONSTRUCTIVISM
Constructivism refers to the ways human
beings build their own understanding of the
world around them and how they fit into it.
Constructivism focuses on active
construction of knowledge

22. Method
Educational Contribution
Project Method
Activity based Learning
Experiential Learning
CONSTRUCTIVISM

23. Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
HUMANISM

24. HUMANISM
Humanism is an approach which
studies the whole person, and the
uniqueness of each individual.
Humanistic psychology focuses on individual free will, personal
growth and the concept of self-actualization.
While early schools of thought like behaviourism and
psychoanalysis were primarily centered on abnormal human
behavior,

25. Method
Educational Contribution
Qualitative Methods
Child centered Education
Guidance and Counselling
Promotion of Self Esteem
HUMANISM

26. METHODS OF
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY

27. METHODS OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Introspection
Case Study
Experimental
Survey
Observation

28. INTROSPECTION
 Self observation
 Oldest method
 Promoted by structuralists
 Provide immediate knowledge of our own mental
process

29. Measurement without instrument
OBSERVATION
Types
participant
Non
Participant
Controlled Uncontrolled

30. m
Case Study
Case studies are in-depth investigations of a single person, group, event or
community. Typically, data are gathered from a variety of sources and by
using several different methods (e.g. observations & interviews).

31. m
Steps in Case Study
1. Define the objectives of case study
2. Select the cases
3. Plan data gathering procedure and techniques
4. Conduct the data collection
5. Organize the data
6. Analysis and reporting

32. m
Survey
The word 'survey' indicates the gathering of the data regarding current
conditions. It is a method of investigation, which attempts to describe and
interpret what exists at present in the form of conditions, practices,
processes, trends, effects, attitudes, beliefs etc.

33. m
Steps in Survey
1. Determine who will participate in the survey.
2. Decide the type of survey (mail, online, or in-person)
3. Design the survey questions and layout.
4. Distribute the survey.
5. Analyze the responses.
6. Write up the results.

34. m
Experimental Method
The experimental method is a systematic and scientific approach in
which the researcher manipulates one or more variables, and controls
and measures any change in other variables.
Studies the Cause –Effect relationship
Conducted in laboratory or classroom or other field.

35. m
Basics of Experimental Method
Manipulation
Control
Manipulation means that something is purposefully
changed by the researcher in the environment
Control is used to prevent outside factors from
influencing the study outcome.

36. THANK YOU