This book has been written with the idea of assisting trainees with proper knowledge of CCTV
installation. As a profession, a CCTV Installer needs to know different types of tools and cables
for proper CCTV installation. A theoretical knowledge of the installation precautions as well as
team coordination can ideally provide a strong support to the trainee in this sector.
This book includes concise knowledge of different tools, cables, safety rules and procedures
that applies to CCTV installation in India.
All of these mentioned above, and more have been covered in the book.
CCTV cameras are used extensively
since these are highly effective in
preventing crime. These cameras are like
perfect spies that are able to capture and
show more than what meets one‟s eyes.
Often the nitty-gritty of a crime site is
revealed by investigators due to these
CCTV cameras that provide all important
clues to get hold of the culprits. However,
a CCTV setup is actually required to
prevent crime. The very presence of a
CCTV camera and it being noticed by a
stranger convey a message to the
person.
19. Camera Locations - Housing
Community
Space
75%
Exterior
Doors
94%
Elevator
and Stairs
63%
Floors w/
Community Bath
19%
Floors w/
Private Bath
37.5%
21. Who owns the CCTV System?
56%
Housing
38%
Police
6%
Housing Campus Police Other
22. How is CCTV Monitored?
25%
Limited 24/7
75%
Not actively monitored
All cameras actively watched 24/7 Limited cameras actively watched 24/7 Not actively monitored
23. Video Retention
44%
< 30 days
38%
30-60 days
19%
> 60
Video retained < 30 days Video retained 30-60 days Video retained > 60 days
29. Five Prepared Questions Asked of the
Student Focus Group Participants
Safety
Privacy
Security
Accountability
30. “We’re used to
cameras. We grew up
with them.”
“Safety
blanket”
“If we’re going to have
cameras, let’s have the best
ones.”
“What’s the point of
having a camera if it’s
not doing its job?
“We’re okay with Big
Brother watching.”
“Makes me feel
safe and secure”
“Genuinely
cared for”
31. CCTV at the University of Arkansas
1990
1994
1995
3 key elements
related to CCTV:
Implementation
Policies
Training
Conversations with Legal
Counsel, UAPD, and
Housing
32. Policy focused on
expectations and
responsibilities for
CCTV use
SOP outlines
requesting camera
access, approval
process, training, and
capturing video/stills
Mandatory training for all
users granted access
Online refresher training
E-mail listserve
CCTV at the University of Arkansas
38. “I think there’s this perception
that Millennials don’t care
about privacy because we’re
always on Twitter and Tumbler
and Facebook talking about our
lives with the world. But that’s
not about privacy, that’s about
a sense of self.”
Kristen Lim, 2011 William & Mary Graduate
39. REFERENCES
112th Congress Public Law 265: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-
112publ265/html/PLAW-112publ265.htm
Analysis of Ethical Management Policies for Use of CCTV on College Campuses:
http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1148&context=education_etd
Assessing the Impact of CCTV:
http://www.popcenter.org/Responses/video_surveillance/PDFs/Gill&Spriggs_2005.pdf
CCTV Cameras and Your Privacy: http://www.yourprivacy.co.uk/cctvsystems.html
CCTV: Developing Privacy Best Practices:
https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/privacy_rpt_cctv_2007.pdf
Look to Millennial Generation to Balance US Security Needs and Privacy Rights:
http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2013/0604/Look-to-Millennial-
generation-to-balance-US-security-needs-and-privacy-rights
40. REFERENCES
Millennials Prefer Security to
Privacy: http://www.mikeandmorley.com/millennials_prefer_security_to_privacy
Privacy and CCTV: A Guide to the Privacy Act for Businesses, Agencies and Organisations:
http://www.privacy.org.nz/assets/Files/Brochures-and-pamphlets-and-pubs/Privacy-and-
CCTV-A-guide-October-2009.pdf
Public Video Surveillance: Is It an Effective Crime Prevention Tool?:
https://www.library.ca.gov/crb/97/05/
Review of Studies on Surveillance Camera Effectiveness:
https://privacysos.org/camera_studies/
Security Cameras In Schools: Protective Or
Invasive?: http://www.npr.org/2012/09/04/160551340/security-cameras-in-school-
protective-or-invasive
State Surveillance and the Right to Privacy: http://www.surveillance-and-
society.org/articles1/statesurv
41. REFERENCES
Study Shows Surveillance Cameras Reduce Crime, In Some Cases:
http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/study-shows-surveillance-
cameras-reduce-crime-some-cases
Surveillance Studies Centre FAQs:
http://www.sscqueens.org/projects/scan/faqs
The Effect of CCTV on Public Safety: Research Roundup:
http://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/criminal-
justice/surveillance-cameras-and-crime
Using Video Surveillance on College Campuses:
http://www.securityinfowatch.com/article/10550786/using-video-
surveillance-on-college-campuses
What Makes a Mass Shooting in America:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/03/what-makes-
a-mass-shooting-in-america/?utm_term=.708eeed1689b
We’d like to welcome you to CCTV in Student Housing – Big Brother or a Way of Life
-Florence Johnson, Assistant Vice-Chancellor for University Housing
-Felisha Perrodin, Assistant Director for Residential Education
-Eric Roberts, Associate Director for Information Technology
How many of you have cameras in housing
How many of your departments have a policy regarding cctv
How many of your institutions have a policy regarding cctv
Disclaimer – we will be talking about various generations during this presentation. We recognize there are individuals within each generation whose thoughts and perceptions do not align with the research and data we have collected.
Chose this topic because of the growth in using this technology, see what others where doing, and to learn more about how administrators from different generations may view this technology.
Security - The degree of resistance to or protection from harm
privacy – the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves, or information about themselves
November 2011 Pew Survey
GI generation WWII emphasized security and privacy
November 2011 Pew Survey
Baby boomers in 1960s tilted the scale back to more privacy
FERPA
Same study November 2011 Pew Survey
2/3 Millennials favor
½ Millennials
Internet of things
Social media
Mining of cell and web data
They see these things as “personal connectedness”
Generation difference – I see some of these things as lost of privacy
USA Today College, April 3, 2015 (Amy Powell)
Showed the majority of millennials surveyed do not care of rarely care about their digital privacy
As more digital breach takes place this may change – have to wait and see
Mass shootings in US
1986 Electronic communications privacy act – allowing police to use rapidly expanding technology such as video survelliance
Title one limits on video and audio
September 2012
Peter Pochowski
National Associate of School Safety
Police Officer
Resource Officer in Schools
Cameras are another tool for safety along with – electronic access, etc.
Abuse can happen giving the feeling of Big Brother
High school female told she was in violation of dress code 3 days ago – don’t let it happen again
Principal monitoring when teachers clocked in and out
Cameras being placed in cupboard of high school classroom – told cameras where not active – when they where- cameras there supposedly to assist in improving teaching
December 2007 public work shop on privacy and best practices
Panelist agreed
Difficult to argue against the use of CCTV on the basis of current case law
Growth of CCTV could lead to more stringent requirements and a call for greater 4th Amendment
CCTV involving audio as well as visual surveillance could constitute a 4th Amendment and qualify as a search
Challenge – Traditional notion that there is a lower expectation of privacy in public spaces
Kyllo v the United States
Supreme Court determined use of thermal imaging was a search as defined by the 4th Amendment
United States v Knotts
Use of CCTV in public spaces and the use of a tracking device to track a car through public streets was not illegal under the 4th Amendment
Katz v United States
Audio surveillance and the bugging of a public phone booth was a search
The person was clearly seeking privacy by going into the phone booth
Yes CCTV is a way of life
Of the no’s, 4 to 1 say not adding it, funding being the reason.
Of the no’s, 4 to 1 say not adding it, funding being the reason.
Other is combo of Housing and PD. If Housing owns system, 8/9 (89%) PD can access video. If PD owns system, 4/6 (66%) Housing can access.
If Housing owns, 44.44% Yes, 55.56% No (Housing), 22.2% Yes, 77.8% No (Institution) . If PD owns, 50% Yes/No for Housing and Institution.
If Housing owns, 22.2% Yes, 77.8% No (Institution) . If PD owns, 50% Yes/No Institution.
Red = Annually, 13%.
Purple = 2 years or more, 7%
(Story: our own UAPD was emailing video files)
Let the audience know that we can send them a copy of our SOP and policy if they give us their e-mail address
Let the audience know that we can send them a copy of our SOP and policy if they give us their e-mail address
Police logging in and notification
Number of cameras
Total 655 cameras
512 are analog and 170 are IP cameras
17 DVR
25 Avigilon Servers
119 Encoders
In October 2012 campus had a total of 1159 cameras
26 covered outdoor areas
Few buildings other than Housing facilities have more than basic coverage
At that time police could not access most systems
Impact to budgets
Encoder
Camera
Server
Wiring
Traditionally funded through campus public safety budget
IT Budget
Auxiliary
Police logging in and notification
Number of cameras
Total 655 cameras
512 are analog and 170 are IP cameras
17 DVR
25 Avigilon Servers
119 Encoders
In October 2012 campus had a total of 1159 cameras
26 covered outdoor areas
Few buildings other than Housing facilities have more than basic coverage
At that time police could not access most systems
Impact to budgets
Encoder
Camera
Server
Wiring
Traditionally funded through campus public safety budget
IT Budget
Auxiliary
Let the audience know that we can send them a copy of our SOP and policy if they give us their e-mail address
10 Recommendations to protect your organization and institution from being seen acting as a big brother
Use – define what is appropriate
Access – who has rights of images
Controls – release of data without written request
Location –appropriate limits on placement
Monitoring – how will you monitor for inappropriate use and what is your response when you discover it
Retention – need policies on how, why etc. of keeping data
retention of trainings and who attended
Training – adequate training of personnel with access to system
Review – limits on recorded data only for investigation of specific past crimes/ incidents
Auditing – process in place to routinely audit what you are doing
Communication – be open with what you are doing and why
Leave you with this quote from Kristen Lim, 2011 Williams and Mary graduate
We found that most schools are now sporting CCTV cameras in their Housing facilities.
Before we have dialogue we would like to ask you – if you have other things that should be asked in a survey please email us by April 5. We are planning to do another survey middle to end of March