Main disorders of endocrine system

1. Ms.Anu Sebastian: B.Pharm; M.Pharm
Assistant Professor,
Dept. Of Pharmacology
Nirmala College Of Pharmacy
Muvattupuzha,Ernakulam,Kerala

2. 1) DWARFISM: It arises due to hyposecretion of human growth hormone
from anterior pituitary.I n this condition , the body organs fail to grow.
2) GIGANTISM: It is due to hypersecretion of human growth
hormone.Here , the person grows very tall due to abnormal increase in the
length of long bones.It occurs in childhood.
3) ACROMEGALY: It is due to hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood.
Here, no lengthening of bones, instead of that thickening of bones of
hands, feet, cheeks, & jaw. Also enlargement of eyelids, nose, lips &
tongue.

3. 4) Diabetes Insipidus: It is due to the decreased secretion of
ADH from posterior pituitary & leads to excessive water
loss through urine.
5) Diabetes Mellitus: It arises due to the decreased insulin
production or release.So in DI patients, there is an
abnormal increase in blood glucose level.
6) Cretinism /Congenital Hypothyroidism: It is seen in
infants due to hyposecretion of thyroid hormones.

4. 7) Myxedema: It is also due to hyposecretion of thyroid
hormones, seen in adults. It causes edema, due to accumulation
of interstitial fluid .Also decreases heart rate, low body
temperature, muscular weakness etc.
8) Graves Disease: It is due to hypersecretion of thyroid
hormone. It is an autoimmune disorder.The major symptom is
the enlargement of thyroid gland.
9) Goiter: It is the enlargement of thyroid gland, may occur in
hypo/hyper/normal secretion of thyroid hormone.

5. 10)Hypoparathyroidism: Due to hyposecretion of parathormone
leading to decrease in the calcium level.
11)Hyperparathyroidism: Due to hypersecretion of
parathormone & it can lead to excessive destruction of bone
matrix.It may arise due to tumor of parathyroid gland.
12) Cushing’s syndrome: It arises due to hypersecretion of
cortisol by adrenal cortex. The condition is characterized by
excessive breakdown of muscle proteins & redistribution of
body fat & it results in moon face & buffalo hump

6. 13)Addison’s Disease : It arises due to hyposecretion of
glucocorticoids & aldosterone. The symptoms include
Anorexia, weight loss, nausea, vomiting & muscular
weakness.
14) Pheochromocytomas: It is the hypersecretion of
adrenaline & noradrenaline due to tumour of chromaffin
cells of adrenal medulla