introduction ,Anatomy of Niose

1. Ms.Anu Sebastian: B.Pharm; M.Pharm
Assistant Professor,
Dept. Of Pharmacology
Nirmala College Of Pharmacy
Muvattupuzha,Ernakulam,Kerala

2. INTRODUCTION
 The respiratory system performs the following functions:
 Exchange of respiratory gases,O2 & CO2
 Helps in olfaction
 Helps in sound production
 The respiratory system consist of:
 Nose
 Pharynx(Throat)
 Larynx(Voice box)
 Trachea(Wind pipe)
 Bronchi
 Lungs

3. Structural Classification
 Upper respiratory system: Nose,Pharynx & Associated structures
 Lower respiratory system: Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi & Lungs
Functional Classification
 Conducting Zone
 It consist of a series of interconnected tubes & cavities inside and
outside R.S.
 It consist of Nose, Pharynx,Larynx,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles &
terminal bronchioles.
 Function: Filter, warm & moisten air. Conduct air into lungs

4.  Respiratory Zone
 It consist of tissues within lungs where gas
exchange occurs.
 It consist of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar
ducts, alveolar sacs & alveoli
 Function: Exchange of gas between air & blood

5. NOSE
 It is divided into external nose & internal nose
External Nose
 It is made up of bone & cartilage covered by skin &
lined by mucous membrane.
 The bones are frontal bone, nasal bone & maxillae.
 The cartilages are septal, alar & lateral nasal cartilage
(all are hyaline cartilages)
 The septal cartilage forms the anterior of nasal septum.
 Lateral nasal cartilages are inferior to nasal bones.

6.  Alar cartilage forms a portion of the wall of nostrils.
 The external nose is having two openings:
Nostrils/external nares.
Functions of external nose:
 Warming, moistening & filtering incoming air.
 Detection of olfactory stimuli
 Modifying speech vibrations

9. Internal Nose
 It is a large cavity in the anterior of skull, inferior to nasal
bone & superior to mouth.
 It is made up of muscle & lined with mucous membrane.
 Anteriorly , the internal nose merges with external nose.
 Posteriorly, it communicates with pharynx through two
openings called internal nares/choanae.
 The paranasal sinuses & nasolacrimal sinuses ducts open
into the internal nose.
 The lateral walls of internal nose are made up of ethmoid
,lacrimal,p alatine,inferior nasal coanche bones & maxillae.

10.  The roof is made up of ethmoid bone.
 The floor is made up of hard palate.
 Nasal cavity: The space within internal nose
 Vestibule: The anterior portion of nasal cavity ;it is
lined by skin & filter out large dust particles.
 Nasal septum: Divides nasal cavity into right & left
halves.

11.  Nasal conchae: The projection from lateral wall of nose forms
three shelves called superior, middle & inferior nasal conchae.
 It divides each side of nasal cavity into groove like passageways
called meatuses -Superior, Middle & inferior meatuses.
 Mucous membrane lines the cavity & its shelves.
 Olfactory epithelium is at the superior nasal conchae.
 A number of goblet cells are present inferior to the olfactory
epithelium.

12. THANK YOU