Instrumentation Examples

1. Reporter:
Anneka V. Tabotabo

2. •A set of questions to be
answered by the subjects of
the study.

3. The interviewer
can clarify any
questions that are
obscure and also
ask the
respondent to
expand on
The Advantages The Disadvantages
Takes much longer than
the questionnaire to
complete.
The presence of the
researcher may inhibit
respondents from
saying what they really
think.

5. Precoding
Enables the interviewer to
check appropriate items
rather than transcribe
responses.

6. •Paper-and-pencil
observation forms
are fairly easy to
construct.

8. Weakness of observation
form:
Researcher ask the observer
to record more behaviors than
can be done accurately.

9. •Is a device often used by
researchers to record the
frequency of student behaviors,
activities, or remarks.

10. 1. How many high school students follow
instructions during fire drills, for
example?
2. How many instances of aggression of
helpfulness do elementary students
exhibit on the playground?
Example Questions

11. 3. How often do students in Mr.
Jordan’s fifth-period U.S history
class ask questions?
4. How often do they ask
inferential questions?

13. Particularly type of tally sheet
is the participation flowchart.
Particularly helpful in analyzing
class discussions.

15. Consists of a list of behaviors
that make up a certain type of
performance.

17. It is a record of observed
behaviors written down in the
form of anecdotes.

18. There is NO set format, rather,
observers are free to record any
behavior they think is important
and need to focus on the same
behavior for all subjects.

19. 4 Types of Anecdotes
Evaluative
Interpretative
Generalized
Specific

20. Evaluative

21. Example
Julius talked loud and much during
poetry; wanted to do and say just
what he wanted and didn’t consider
the right working out of things. Had to
ask him to sit by me. Showed a bad
attitude about it.

22. Interpretative

23. Example
For the last week Sammy has been a
perfect wiggle-tail. He is growing so
fast he cannot be settled… Of course
the inward change that is taking place
causes the restlessness.

24. Generalized

25. Example
Sammy is awfully restless these days. He is
whispering most of the time he is not kept
busy. In circle, during various discussions,
even though he is interested, his arms are
moving or he is punching the one sitting
next to him. He smiles when I speak to him.

26. Specific

27. Example
The weather was so bitterly cold that we
did not go on the playground today. The
children played games in the room during
the regular recess period. Andrew and
Larry chose sides for a game which is
known as stealing the bacon.

28. I was talking to a group of children in the
front of the room while the choosing was
in process and in a moment I heard a loud
altercation. Larry said that all the children
wanted to be on Andrew’s side rather than
on his. Andrew remarked, “I can’t help it if
they all want to be on my side.”

29. Is the observation and detailed recording
over given period of time of the activities
of one or more individuals.

31. Subject-
Completed
Instruments

32. The subjects respond to
the questions by
writing or, more
commonly, by marking
an answer sheet.

33. ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGE
S
Questionnaires are
that they can be
mailed in or given
to large numbers
of people at the
same time.
• Unclear or seemingly
ambiguous questions
cannot be clarified.
• Respondent has no
chance to expand on
or react verbally to a
question of particular
interest or
importance.

34. • Selection items on questionnaires
include multiple choice, true-false,
matching, or interpretative-exercise
questions.
• Supply Items include short-answer
or essay questions.

35. Is list of several
characteristics or activities
presented to the subjects
of a study.

36. Self- checklists are often
used when researchers
want students to
diagnose or to appraise
their own performance.

38. Consists of a set of statements to
which an individual responds. The
pattern of responses is then viewed
as evidence of one or more
underlying attitudes.

39. A commonly used attitude scale in
educational research is the Likert Scale.
Likert Scale-

41. A unique sort of attitude scale is the
Semantic Differential.
Semantic Differential- allows a
researcher to measure a subject’s
attitude toward a particular.

44. Are designed to measure
certain traits of individuals or
to access their feelings about
themselves.

45. Examples of inventories:
1. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory
2. IPAT Anxiety Scale
3. Piers- Harris Children’s Self-Concept
Scale
4. Kuder Preference Record

47. Measure an
individual’s knowledge
or skills in a given area
or subject.

48. Achievement Test can be classified in several way:
1.General Achievement Test
- usually batteries of tests
that measure such things as
vocabulary, reading ability,
language usage, math, and social
studies.

49. 2. Specific Achievement Test
-are test that measure an
individual’s ability in specific
subject, such as English,
world history, or biology.

50. Example of a Specific Achievement Test

51. Thank You!