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Distillation and its types
- 1. 786 istillation and its typesDistillation and Its Types Engr. Hafiz AneesRehman Quest, NawabShah
- 2. Scope of Distillation It is no secret that the subject matter of distillation is solely located in the domain of the chemical engineer. In many ways, it is a topic which separates chemical engineering from other engineering and applied science disciplines.
- 3. • Distillation may be defined as the separation of the components of a liquid feed mixture by a process involving partial vaporization through the application of heat. • In general, the vapor evolved is recovered in liquid form by condensation. • The more volatile (lighter) components of the liquid mixture are obtained in the vapor discharge at a higher concentration. • The extent of the separation is governed by two important factors: the properties of the components involved and by the physical arrangement of the unit used for distillation. Distillation Intro…..
- 4. Types/Processes of Distillation 1. Flash Distillation 2. Batch Distillation 3. Continuous Distillation with Reflux i. Equipment and Operation ii. Equilibrium Considerations iii. Binary Distillation Design iv. Multicomponent Distillation
- 5. Flash Distillation • The separation of a volatile component from a liquid process can be achieved by means of flash distillation. • This operation is referred to as a “flash” since the more volatile component of a saturated liquid mixture rapidly vaporizes upon entering a tank or drum which is at a lower pressure and/or higher temperature than the incoming feed.
- 6. Flash Distillation V • F=Feed Molar Flow Rate • V=Vapor Molar Flow Rate L L=Liquid Molar Flow Rate. ValveVolatile Feed Flash Drum Pre heat er
- 7. Batch Distillation • Although batch distillations are generally more costly than their continuous counterparts, there are certain applications in which batch distillation is the method of choice. • Batch distillation is typically chosen when it is not possible to run a continuous process due to limiting process constraints, the need to distill other process streams, or because the low frequency use of distillation does not warrant a unit devoted solely to a specific product.
- 8. Batch Distillation D, y F Steam Coil Batch Distillation Diagram D, xD Batch Still Conden seer Condensate Tank
- 9. CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION WITH REFLUX • In a continuous distillation column, Vapor flows up the column and liquid flows countercurrently down the column. For the subsequent discussion regarding continuous distillation, a binary (2-component) feed will be assumed. • In the case of a binary feed, the more volatile (lower boiling) component will be referred to as the light component, whereas the less volatile (higher boiling) component is referred to as the heavy component.
- 10. CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION WITH REFLUX V, Condenser D,xD Rectification Sectuion Reflux Overhead Product Feed F Stripping Section L V B, xB Bottom ProductReboiler
- 11. CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION WITH REFLUX • As is standard practice in binary distillation, all mole fractions (i.e., xD, xB, xF) will be representative of the light component only. • Reflux ratio: The molar flow ratio of reflux returned to distillate product collected is defined in this text as the reflux ratio, R. • Stripping Section: The portion of the column below the feed tray (and including the feed tray itself) is known as the stripping section. • Rectification section :Upon reaching the top of the stripping section, the rising vapor enters the portion of the column above the feed tray, referred to as the rectification section.
- 13. References • Warren Lee McCabe, Julian Cleveland Smith, Peter Harriott • McGraw-Hill, 1985 - Technology & Engineering - 960 pages • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_operation • https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=cb1TA AAAMAAJ • Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 7th edition