Presentation by Director of Azande Holdings Group
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Azande Holdings Group, is a marketing and communications group of companies which specialize in digital marketing, brand communication and photography. We enable our clients to focus on their core business while we enhance their brand. When servicing individuals, we take time to understand your vision and make your dream of reaching a wider audience a reality. When servicing businesses, the company philosophy and culture becomes a crucial ingredient in the strategy design and execution process. With all this in mind we differentiate our clients from the competition and communicate their unique value proposition effectively to the market. Our aim is to inspire new beginnings, capture memorable moments and add value to society. We are a one-stop-shop fully equipped to deliver quality of service using a range of marketing and communication tools from conception to completion. Driven by passion and creativity, Azande Holdings Group also enables extraordinary event experiences where guests can better connect with our client’s brand and their product/service offering
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- 1. Writing and Presenting a Project Proposal to Academics By Andile Andries Ndlovu Graduate School of Business Harvard University
- 2. WHAT IS A RESEARCH PROPOSAL? Statement of intent Academically prepared to complete the research Audience: peers, supervisors, examiners 2
- 3. A research proposal is your PLAN It describes in detail your study Decisions about your study are based on the quality of the proposal Approvals to proceed by the Institutional Review Board 3 What is a research proposal?
- 4. IMPORTANCE OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL? Contract between you and your committee 1.Serves to protect the student Demanding additional requirements 2.Protects the committee from the student From delivering a degree of poor quality 4
- 5. WHAT ARETHE ESSENTIAL INGREDIENTS? 5 The Issue What problem does your research address? Research Design How will the research achieve its objective? Benefit What will the research contribute? Figure adapted from MIT OCW
- 6. RESEARCH PROPOSALS MAKEYOU: 6 OUTLINE steps in your proposed research Provide yourself with intellectual CONTEXT JUSTIFY your research THINK through your experiments Anticipate potential PROBLEMS Be CREATIVE Anticipate a realistic TIMETABLE Figure adapted from MIT OCW
- 7. GETTING STARTED Title Outline Literature Review Methodology Methods of data collection and analysis Ethical Issues Timeline Resources Outcomes Reference list Title Background Problem statement Aim and objectives Rationale and context Methodology Plan of work Resources / Support Outcomes Reference list 7 Know the requirements BEFORE you start
- 9. PROBLEM STATEMENT Short SO WHAT statement Purpose Blueprint for your literature review Focus your committee at the beginning Keep them on track throughout your proposal 9
- 10. PROBLEM STATEMENT E.g. Malaria remains the most devastating infectious disease, particularly in Africa. One reason is that the parasite causing the disease is resistant to all clinically useful antimalarial drugs. We therefore have to devise alternative strategies to target the parasite. 10
- 11. LITERATURE REVIEW This is NOT just a summary of literature Show how your project: ̶̶ Literature SUPPORTS your hypothesis ̶̶ EXTENDS previous work ̶̶ AVOIDS previous mistakes ̶̶ IS UNIQUE to previously followed paths 11
- 12. THE NARRATIVE OF A GOOD LITERATURE REVIEW 12 Reader knows Reader doesn't know
- 13. THE NARRATIVE OF A GOOD LITERATURE REVIEW 13 Introduce the field: broad focus Malaria Epidemiology
- 14. THE NARRATIVE OF A GOOD LITERATURE REVIEW 14 Focus on certain aspects in field of interest Life cycle Current control
- 15. THE NARRATIVE OF A GOOD LITERATURE REVIEW 15 End with gap analysis Resistance
- 16. PURPOSE Funnel point is your purpose: The purpose can be framed as a research question or hypothesis BE CONCISE One sentence!!! Solution to your problem 16
- 17. SUPPORTTHE HYPOTHESIS 17 Malaria Epidemiology Life cycle Current control Resistance Hypothesis
- 18. MAKE A LIST OF REFERENCES 18 Malaria Epidemiology Life cycle Current control Resistance
- 19. INTERNET/REFERENCING Narrow down your search terms Peer-reviewed articles Current literature Review vs primary literature 19
- 20. ENDNOTE 20
- 21. 21
- 22. PLAGIARISM Reference immediately after mentioning Not end of paragraph ALWAYS identify source Summarise useful points 22
- 23. PURPOSE Funnel point is your purpose: The purpose can be framed as a research question or hypothesis BE CONCISE One sentence!!! Leads directly into Aims and Objectives 23
- 24. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research is to…… Aims - short but general statement of intent Objectives - very specific statements that define the practical steps you will take to achieve your aim(s) 24
- 25. METHODOLOGY Section used to JUDGE the validity of results and conclusions This section of your proposal has multiple parts Instrumentation and infrastructure Study groups and ethics Access to samples Data analysis Justify your method choice Show you understand the principles Prove feasibility of your study 25
- 26. 26 Experimental design In vitro assessment of inhibition of viability of gametocytes Induction: gametocytogenesis Full IC50 determination on asexual parasites In vitro cultivation: P. falciparum 3D7, W2 Identify lead analogues Phenotype microarrays Assessment C and N metabolism Cytotoxicity determination
- 27. TIMELINE Helps you keep your experimental design in the correct order Avoids “dead” time When building your timeline Consult with other students in your lab that have done similar studies 27
- 28. BUDGET Give you an appreciation of research costs Prevents you from overspending! Provide specific explanations for: Need for specific technologies Need for other financial requests (e.g. conference, instrumentation, staff, bursaries etc). Do you really need this kit? 28
- 29. OUTCOMES What do you expect the results to be? Measurable E.g. you will get a degree New patent / paper Qualitative Contribute understanding to subject / new technology / application 29
- 30. REVISE AND EDIT Back-up proposal everyday! Always print on paper and edit Use standard font Number your pages Read out loud 30
- 31. •Forget to include table of contents •Not connecting the proposed research to the literature review •Not enough detail about methods •Jargon & sweeping generalities •Relying solely on your supervisor 31 Common pitfalls to avoid
- 32. IMPROVINGYOUR ODDS Know what the evaluation criteria will be and CHECK that you meet these Start with an outline Read approved proposals Once “finished” ask others to proofread Use diagrams to illustrate models Make sure your mentor approves it before you submit 32
- 33. EVALUATION OF PROPOSALS The aims/objectives are likely to be achievable in the given time period The rationale for the proposed study is reasonable The scientific design is described and adequately justified 33
- 35. PRESENTINGYOUR PROPOSAL Material from: Stephanie Pfirman and Susan McConnell (Stanford)
- 36. PURPOSE OF A PROPOSAL PRESENTATION? Persuading evaluators to support your research project Make your proposal compelling -Convince audience that project is worth doing - Convince audience that you are capable of carrying it out 36
- 37. PREPARING FORTHE RESEARCH PRESENTATION Structuring your story Summarise the content Preparing and giving the presentation Concluding your presentation Questions and answers 37
- 38. STRUCTURE Basic rule Say what you are going to say 1-3 main points in the introduction Say it Give the talk Then say what you said Summarise main points in the conclusion Don’t try to build suspense and then unveil a surprise ending 38
- 39. STICKTOTHE SCRIPT Prepare your material so that it tells a story logically Introduction/overview Research question Aim and objectives Method/approach Expected outcomes/summary Prioritise the content Create continuity so that your slides flow smoothly Your last point on one slide should anticipate the next slide 39
- 40. OWYOUR AUDIENCE Assume that your audience comprises of - experts in your topic - intelligent generalists with exposure to your field What do you want the audience to learn? Think about this as you construct your talk Edit your slides -- delete what is unnecessary, distracting, confusing, off point 40
- 41. QUESTIONSTO ASKYOURSELVES ABOUT SLIDE DESIGN Is everything on the slide readable? Do the slides have a good balance of text and figures? Is there something I can illustrate? 41
- 42. QUESTIONSTO ASKYOURSELVES ABOUT SLIDE DESIGN Have I chosen clear, specific titles that express the main point of each slide? Is the design/format of my slides consistent Do I have slide numbers? 42
- 43. WHAT SIZE FONTTO USE 43 Type size should be 30 points or larger: 18 point 20 point 24 point 28 point 36 point * References can be in 12-14 point font AVOID USING ALL CAPITAL LETTERS BECAUSE IT’S MUCH HARDER TO READ
- 44. WHAT FONTTO USE 44 Use a Sans Serif vs Serif font: Serif font Sans Serif
- 45. WHAT FONTTO USE 45 This font is Arial. This font is Calibri. This font is Times New Roman. This font is Courier. This font is Didot This font is Ravie Fonts set the tone… Use a Sans Serif font: Use bold to make text clearer: Arial vs. Arial bold Calibri vs. Calibri bold This font is Comic Sans. This font is Papyrus. Lucida console
- 46. 46 Powerpoint basics: Color Many experts feel that a dark blue or black background works best for talks in a large room.
- 47. POWERPOINT BASICS: COLOR 47 Dark letters against a light background are best for smaller rooms, especially when the lights are on for teaching
- 48. 48 Avoid red-green combinations 8-10% of the human population is red-green colorblind. Lots of people can’t read this – and even if they can, it makes your eyes hurt.
- 49. POWERPOINT BASICS: COLOR 49 Other color combinations can be equally bad:
- 50. POWERPOINT BASICS: COLOR 50 View your slides in grayscale to ensure that there is adequate color contrast in each slide.
Editor's Notes
- Good Afternoon Great pleasure to be with you today Lets get a feel for the room, how many honour students / master students. Students/ researchers? What faculties are presented today? The purpose of today’s talk is to understand the aspects important in writing and presenting an excellent research proposal. What I’m striving for you today is to provide you with strategies and examples. I’ve divided todays talk into 3 sections Writing Presenting Example MSc Proposal presentation Ask questions during the talk if you want, I'll provide and opportunity to questions after each section. Presentation will available to you- take notes that you feel are pertinent
- Proposal for research grant What are you going to do to contribute new knowledge / findings / applications to a scientific field Obtain MONEY to do this Audience: peers, grant review panel
- It’s a detailed plan- before you get in the car describing research area you’re working in and n What you know, Where you want to go and how are you going to get there. How do you show that you are academically prepared? PLAN- You understand your problem Knowledge base Technical skill Infrastructure Support to pull this plan off Plan has to get approved for you to get started
- Issue/ Purpose Original and relevant research problem Comprehension of important material (Map) Understanding of proposed methodology Technical skills required (Petrol/financing) Benefit
- Outline: Clarify Thoughts and Develop Ideas ---- Beginning to end– See the whole picture Teach yourself: Figure out and find what is important to know. Aspect creativity: No one is telling you what you need to know. Justify: Why is this work important. If your work doesn’t matter to you, it shows. Experiments: What do you need to order?
- Rule of thumb: Find out what your departments expects
- The title is like the address you type into your garmin- everything is positioned according to it
- Get everyone on the same page
- Opinionated document convincing your committee that you know your field, interpret and synthesize your own thoughts Make your own figures Makes you understand why your research matters - Motivates you through the dark days of your masters Why is your study important? Describe the significance of the research question or problem Answer the “so what?” question
- The introduction should lead the reader step by step, sentence by sentence, through a chain of connected sentences that leads to the most important sentence in the entire thing: the thesis. This should be at the end. If the thesis is not at the end, then you're not writing a funnel-shaped introduction
- Narrow down areas Be more specific Emphasis on area of interest
- Based on previous sections, what is not known? Identify the specific problem Ends in your research question / hypothesis HOW DOES YOUR HYPOTHESIS FILL THE GAP- RELEVANCE AND NOVELTY
- Current reviews (past 3-5 years) Insert your referencing as you write your lit review
- Current reviews (past 3-5 years) Insert your referencing as you write your lit review
- Synthesize recent literature into coherent narrative (within the past 5 years)
- Synthesize recent literature into coherent narrative (within the past 5 years)
- Synthesize recent literature into coherent narrative (within the past 5 years)
- Focus everyone get them back to same page.
- Strict evaluation If your scientific methods aren’t good your science isn’t good Pull the plug on your project
- Can you think …..From what literature tells you what do you expect?
- One sentence one thought
- You now have to transform your work Written document to a compelling audio visual presentation- People don’t have time to read!!! Stick to the script
- Sell yourself your project and defend it •Assume that your audience comprises experts in your topic • intelligent generalists with exposure to your field
- Title slide your going to forecast what you’re going to tell your audience Give the presentation Conclude at the end- No surprises
- Stick to the layout of your written proposal, as not to confuse your examiners
- Expert- Supervisor Intelligent generalists- External research committee members
- Bigger texts motivate you to create more compelling text. Text size = Average age of your audience divide by two