This document discusses different types of bridges used in hilly areas. It begins by introducing bridges and their variations in design. It then covers the history of bridge development and discusses common bridge materials like wood, steel, reinforced concrete, and prestressed concrete. The document outlines challenges to bridge construction in hilly areas such as deep gorges, rivers, extreme climates, landslides, earthquakes, and soil variations. It also discusses bridge foundations and substructures. The main types of hilly area bridges covered are beam, truss, cantilever, arch, tied arch, suspension, and cable-stayed bridges. Arch bridges are identified as handling higher loads better than other bridge types.

1. ANVITH NAMPALLY
IITRAM
CIVIL
ENGINEERING

2. INTRODUCTION
 A bridge is the structure build to span a
valley,road,river ,or any physical obstacle
 Variation in Design of Bridges
 First Bridges made by human
 Hilly areas pose some problems in bridge
construction
 Keeping in view bridge location

3. HISTORY OF BRIDGE DEVELOPMENT

5. CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES
 Must withstand force of high winds
 Temperature expansion
 Materials commonly used:
1.wood:used in temporary bridgrs
2.steel:used in case of long span
3.reinforced concrete:used for heavy loads
4.prestressed concrete:better for longer span
and heavy loads

6. CHALLENGES IN HILLY AREA BRIDGES
 Construction of bridge across deep gorges
 Construction of bridge on rivers
 Construction of bridges in extreme climate
conditions
 Landslide or debris flow
 Earthquake zones
 hydraulic parameters

7. FOUNDATION AND SUBSTRUCTURE
 Problems encountered during construction of
foundation
 Types of foundation:
1.open foundation:for depth of 10 m
2.pile foundation:for depth of 20-60m
3.well foundation:in case of soil variations

8. TYPES OF HILLY AREA BRIDGES
 Beam bridge
 Truss bridge
 Cantilever bridge
 Arch bridge
 Tied arch bridge
 Suspension bridge
 Cable stayed bridge

10. BEAM BRIDGE
 Simplest Structural Bridges
 Simply supported
 It could be a stone slab laid across a stream
 Bridges designed for modern infrastructure
are usually constructed of steel or reinforced
concrete

12. TRUSS BRIDGES
 A truss bridge is a
bridge whose load
bearing is composed of
truss
 Connected elements
response to dynamic
loads
 Easily analyzed
 Economical to
construct

14. CANTILEVER BRIDGE
 Uses cantilevers
 Design to handle road and rail
traffic
 Built by using structural steel and
prestressed concrete
 Span distance over 1500ft(460 m)
 Easily constructed at difficult
crossings
 A simple cantilever span is
formed by two cantilever arms
extending from opposite sides of
an obstacle to be crossed

16. ARCH BRIDGE
 At each end shaped
as a curved arch
 A viaduct can be
made from series of
arches
 Can be constructed
in case of heavy
loads
 Spans longer than
beam and truss

17. SUSPENSION BRIDGE
 The load bearing
portion is hung below
the suspension cables
 First built in early 19th
century
 Cables suspended
between the towers

18. CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
 A cable-stayed bridge has one or
more towers from which cables
support the bridge desk
 Two major classes:
1.Harp or Parallel design
2.Fan design
 Optimal for spans longer than
cantilever bridges

20. CONCLUSION
 Time available
 Material Management
 Financial planning
 Load to be withstand
Arch bridges good than other at higher
loads1400-1500gms/m and other bridges
can bare load upto1000 gms/m