The document discusses the history and development of early satellites and radar technology. It describes the key milestones such as the launch of Sputnik 1 as the first artificial satellite in 1957. It provides details on several other important early satellites launched by the United States and Soviet Union in the late 1950s including Sputnik 2 which carried the first animal into space, Explorer 1 which discovered the Van Allen radiation belts, and Tiros-1 which was the first weather satellite. The document also summarizes early developments in radar technology from the late 19th century through the 1930s including early experiments detecting objects with radio waves and the development of the first shipborne radar systems.

1. Submitted To: Submitted By:
Chitra Biswas. Ananda Mohan Shil
Dept. of ETE Roll: 15010324
Lecturer, FSET; USTC. Department: EEE
Semester: 6th
Batch: 15th

2.  Reference: In Mid-1940s By Arthur C. Clarke.
 Sputnik I: First artificial satellite or man-made satellite.
 launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.
 was about the size of large beach ball and weighed around 184
pounds (83 Kilograms)
 Give valuable Information such as identifying the density of
upper atmosphere.
 Sputnik II: Launched after one month of Sputnik1 on November 3, 1957.
 Carried first living being(Dog) named Laika.
 It was including several compartments for telemetry system.

3.  Explorer 1: Launched by the United States on january 31,1958
 Discovered the Van Allen Radiation Belt.
 Explorer 2: Was second Explorer series satellite.
 Developed and Launched by United States on March 5,1958.
 Due to failure in the Rocket during launch it is failed to reach the Orbit.
 Vanguard 1: World 4th Artificial satellite.
 Launched in to Orbit on March 17,1958.
 Was the 1st satellite that used solar power.
 Explorer 3: Artificial satellite launched by United States on March 26,1958.
 Mission is nearly identical to the Explorer1.
 Collect data about Van Allen Radiation.
 Sputnik III: Artificial Satellite Launched by Soviet on May 15, 1958.
 Explore the near space and the upper Atmosphere.
 SCORE: 1st communication Satellite.
 Launched by US on December 18,1958.

4.  TIROS-1: 1st weather Satellite.
 Launched by US on April 1,1960.
 ECHO 1: Communication baloon satellite launched by US on August 12,1960.
 Transmite the telephone and Radio signals over long distance.
 Courier 1B: Telecommunication Recording Satellite.
 Launched by US on October 4, 1960.
 Record message from earth station and Re-broadcast them.
 Ariel 1: 1st British satellite.
 Launched on April 26,1962.
 Give info from the Ionosphere.
 Telstar 1: Worlds 1st active communication satellite.
 Launched by US on July 10,1962.
 Receive signal and amplifies it.
 After these ,there are Launching many satellite named Syncom I,Telster II,Syncom
II(1963),Echo II,Syncom III(1964),Intelsat I(1965), Intelsat II(1966),Intelsat
III(1968),Soyuz(1969), Intelsat
IV(1971),Telesat,Pioneer(1972),Westar(1974),Globecom,Apollo-
soyuz(1975),DCCS,TDRSS(1980), Intelsat V(1981), Intelsat II(1986),

5.  Reference: In 1885 By Heinrich Hertz showed radio waves were reflected by
metalic objects.
 1900- Nicola Tesla continued the study of radio waves and june of 1900 wrote an
information about Radar.
 1903- German Inventor Christian Hilsmeyer Utilized the Radio waves by Detecting a
ship.
 1925- Gregory Breit and Merle Tuve First reported use of pulse radio energy to
measure distance.
 1930- Lawerence A. Hyland experiment a short-wave radio named “System for
detecting objects by Radio”.
 1932- RCA entered the field of RADAR and in 1937 had the first microwave pulse
radar system.
 1937- RCA developed the first ship borne radar called the “CXZ” and operated at
475MHz.