2. ■ To understand the occular movements and their mechanisms, a frame reference
against which the movement may be quantified is necessary.
■ There are mainly 3 position of eye
■ ∆ Primary position
■ ∆secondary position
■ ∆Tertiary Position
3. Primary position
■ Primary position of the eye is that position from which all other ocular
movements are initiated changing the position of eyeball from primary to
secondary or tertiary.
■ The primary position has been described by the scobee as that of that position
of the eyes in binocular vision when, with the head erect,the object of regard is
at infinity.
4. Secondry position
■ These are the position assumed by the eyes , while looking straight up (
supraversion ),straight down(infraversion),to the right(dextroversion), and to the
left(levoversion).
5. Tertiary position
■ These described the position assumed by the eyes,when combination of vertical
and horizontal movements occur.
■ These include position of the eyes in
dextroelevation,dextrodepression,levoelevati on,and levodepression.
6. Position of gaze
■ All the extraoccular muscles have a given tone for every position of gaze.
There are total 9 position of gaze,these include,
■ 1 primary gaze,4 secondary gaze ,4 tertiary gaze.
7.
8. Cardinal position of gaze
■ Primary position of gaze:-assumed by eyes when fixating a distant object with head
erect.
4 secondary
■ 1. Up
■ 2. Down
■ 3. Right
■ 4. Left
4 tertiary positions
■ 1. Dextroelevation
■ 2. Dextrodepression
■ 3. Levoelevation
■ 4. Levodepression
9. ■ 6 cardinal positions :- to test 12 EOM in their main fiel d of action
■ 1. Dextroversion
■ 2. Laevo version
■ 3. Dextro elevation
■ 4. Leavo elevation
■ 5. Dextro depression
■ 6. Laevo depression
10.
11. References
■ Anatomy and physiology of eye A.k khurana(page no:367to378)
■ Slideshare :Physiology of ocular motility By:-Manish chaudhary
■ Anatomy and physiology of extra ocular muscle applied aspects BY:Dr.Reshma
petei.
