This presentation describes in detail the various types and sources of stem cells. it also describes the stem cell therapies used to treat various diseases.

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STEM CELL THERAPY
PRESENTED BY: AMEENA
MEHABOOB

2. INTRODUCTION
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Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that
can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide
(through mitosis) to produce more stem cells.
They have two defining properties-
 The ability to self generate
 The ability to differentiate into other cells

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• Able to differentiate into almost all cell types.
• Eg: Cells derived from mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm.Pluripotent
• Able to differentiate into any other type of cell.
• Eg: Zygote formed at egg fertilization.Totipotent
• Able to differentiate into a closely related family of cells.
• Eg- Hematopoetic stem cellsMultipotent
• Able to differentiate into a few different cell types
• Eg- Lymphoid and myeloid stem cellsOligopotent
• Able to produce only their own types of cells.
• Eg: Muscle stem cellsUnipotent
CLASSIFICATION OF STEM CELLS

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SOURCES OF STEM
CELLS
Spare
embry
o
• Stem
cells
from
leftover
embryos
stored at
fertility
clinics
Special
purpose
embryo
s
• Created
via in
vitro
fertilizati
on for
the sole
purpose
of
extractin
g stem
cells
Cloned
embryo
s
• Cloned
in labs
using
somatic
nucleus
transfer
method
Aborted
fetuses
• Stem
cells
from
fetuses
aborted
at early
develop
ment
stage
Umblical
cords
• After child
birth
Adult
tissue or
organ
• Obtained
during
surgery
Cadavers
• Neural
postgenitor
cells from
human post
mortem
tissues

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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF STEM CELLS

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STEM CELL THERAPY

8. STEM CELL THERAPY FOR
LEUKEMIA
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 Successful treatment for leukemia focusses on the
removal of all the abnormal leukocytes in the patient
allowing healthy ones to grow in their place. When
chemotherapy is not possible, bone marrow
transplant is done
 In bone marrow transplant, the patients bone marrow
stem cells are replaced with those from a healthy
donor.
 To do this, the patients existing bone marrow and
abnormal leukocytes are first killed using

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STEP 1
• Reduce cancer to a low level using chemotherapy.
• There should be no detectable cancer at the time of high
dose treatment.
STEP 2
• The stem cells are collected.
• This step is known as harvest.
STEP 3
• High dose treatment to remove remaining cancer cells.
• Step is called conditioning regimen and lasts a few days.
STEP 4
• Stem cells are given via a trip similar to a blood
transfusion.

10. STEM CELL THERAPY FOR
DIABETES
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 This is to stop taking insulin injections as the body
starts to produce insulin naturally again.
 11 young type I diabetic patients were given drugs to
suppress immune system followed by transfusion of
stem cells drawn from their own blood.
 The results showed that patients started producing
their own insulin. Therefore the dependence on insulin
needles was eliminated with the help of an injection of
their own stem cells.

11. VESCELL ADULT STEM CELL
THERAPY FOR HEART DISEASES
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 This method is used to treat heart diseases like
Coronary Artery Disease, cardiomyopathy and
congestive heart failure.
 The stem cells are derived from the patients own
body so there is no possibility of rejection of the stem
cells.
 This therapy helps in the reduction of dependence
on nitro tablets.
 Vescell therapy creates new blood vessels that
improve blood flow to the heart as well as generate
new tissues in the heart muscle itself.

12. STEM CELL THERAPY IN THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
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 This can be done in cases of CNS disorders, spinal
cord injuries etc.
 The stem cells are collected from the patients bone
marrow and then implanted back to the body within a
few days. During these days, the cells are processed
in labs.
 The re injected stem cells have the potential to
transform into multiple types of cells that are capable
of regenerating the damaged tissue.
 The objective is to repair the damaged tissue or to
reactivate existing cells, so as to recover the
functions of the injured area as much as possible.

13. STEM CELL THERAPY FOR
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
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14. STEM CELL THERAPY FOR
PARKINSON’S DISEASE
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