Ethyl alcohol is produced by fermenting sugars and is used commercially and as a solvent. It has local cooling and antiseptic effects but can cause euphoria, impaired coordination, and respiratory depression at higher doses. Chronic use can lead to fatty liver, cirrhosis, and pancreatitis. Methanol poisoning from its ingestion causes vomiting, blindness, and can be fatal if not treated with a loading dose of ethyl alcohol or antidote followed by hemodialysis. Disulfiram is sometimes used to treat alcohol dependence by producing unpleasant effects if alcohol is consumed.

2. I. ETHYL ALCOHOL (ETHANOL)
• Monohydroxy alcohol, fermentation of sugars
•Colourless, volatile, inflammable liquid
• Commercial use- produced from mollases,
byproduct when sugar is manufactured from
sugarcane

3. ACTIONS
1. LOCAL
• Evaporates quickly
• Cooling effect
• Astringent, Rubefacient, Counter irritant

4. 2. CNS
• Euphoria
• Relief of anxiety
Small
doses
• Blunt reflexes
• Muscular coordination impaired
Moderate
doses
• Loss of self control
• Stupor, coma
• Drowsiness
• Death due to resp depression
High
doses

5. 3. CVS
Flushing, warmth
Hypotension
Arrhythmia

6. 4. GIT
Irritant, increase gastric secretion
Appetizer
Fatty liver, cirrhosis, pancreatitis

7. MOA

8. DRUG INTERACTIONS
Potentiates
other CNS
depressants
Sulfonylurea,
metronidazole,
griseofulvin
have disulfiram
like effects
Hastens
metabolism of
other drugs
Increases
gastric acidity

9. USES
ANTISEPTIC
• 70% topically
BEDSORES
• Hardens skin
FEVER
• Alcoholic sponges- decrease temp
Appetite stimulant
• 50ml of 6-10% alcohol before meals
Neuralgia
• Inj around nerve relieves pain
Methanol poisoning

10. DRUGS USED IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

11. 1. DISULFIRAM
• Used to make alcohol consumption an
unpleasant experience so that the person
gives up drinking

12. UNPLEASANT EFFECTS
Throbbing
headache
Nausea Vomiting
Confusion Hypotension

13. 2. Benzodiazepines
3. Clonidine
4. Naltrexone
5. Acamprosate
6. Ondansetron
Psychosocial therapy

14. • Used to denature alcohol
• Ingestion results in poisoning
• Can also be abs through skin
II. METHYL ALCOHOL (METHANOL)

15. METHANOL POISONING CAUSES
Vomiting Headache Visual
disturbances
Vertigo
Hypotension Blindness Coma

16. Correction of acidosis
•IV NaHCO3
Protect eyes
•Dark room
Gastric lavage
Maintain BP and
ventilation
Ethyl alcohol
•Given immediately
•Loading dose- 0.6g/kg
foll by infusion of
10g/hr
Antidote- Fomipezole
Haemodialysis
MANAGEMENT OF METHANOL POISONING

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