A SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON STUDY OF 132/33KV, 132/11KV SUBSTATION, S.G.P.G.I. Lucknow

1. A SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
ON
STUDY OF 132/33KV, 132/11KV SUBSTATION, S.G.P.G.I. Lucknow
For
Partial fulfilment of Degree of Electrical Engineering
OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By
AMIT KUMAR
1605320659
AZAD INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
BIJNOUR, LUCKNOW

2. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report submitted on “Study of 132/33KV, 132/11KV Sub-Station,
Lucknow” is bone-fide work carried out by AMIT KUMAR is an original one and has not been submitted
earlier to any other Institution or University for fulfillment of a course or study. The duration of Summer
Training is from June 26th 2019 to July 25th 2019.
DR. IMRAN KHAN
H.O.D. (E.E.)
Department of Electrical Engineering.
AZAD INSTITUTE OF ENFINEERING and TECHNOLOGY,
LUCKNOW.(U.P.)

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very thankful to my Junior Engineer (Mr. CHANDRA MOHAN KUMAR) & Assistant Engineer (Mr.
PUSPESH MARGIRI) at 132 KV substation S.G.P.G.I., Lucknow (UPPCL) who helped me generously
during my project work and extended his valuable technical support required in completion of the
project.
I am also thankful to all my staff and my team members who had helped me in preparing this project
report in the stipulated time period.
AMIT KUMAR
B. Tech. 3rd Yr. (E.E.)
AZAD INSTITUTE OF ENGINNERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, BIJNOUR LUCKNOW.

4. INDEX
OBJECTIVES
1. SYNOPSIS:-
1) Title of the project
2) Objective of the study
3) Rationale for the study
4) Detail methodology to use for carrying out the study
5) The expected contribution from the study
6) Activities and time schedule to complete the project
7) Problems envisaged in carrying out the project
2. COMPONENTS OF SUBSTATION:-
1. Transformer(3X 63MVA 132/33KV, 2X 20MVA 132/11KV)
2. Circuit Breaker(SF-6, VCB)
3. Current Transformer(CT)
4. Potential Transformer(PT)
5. Lightning Arrestor (LA)
6. Isolator (Centre break/Tandem)
7. Conductor (Moose/Panther)
8. Bus (Main Bus/Transfer Bus)
9. Panel(Control Panel/Relay Panel)
10. Battery & Battery Charger XII. Firefighting
equipment
11. Earthing
3. Conclusion 43

5. SYNOPSYS
Title of the Summer Training Report:-
“STUDY OF 132/33KV, 132/11KV SUBSTATION, S.G.P.G.I, LUCKNOW.”
Objective of the study:-
To study different modern practices followed in various Transmission Sub-Stations under M/S
– U.P. Power Transmission Corporation Ltd.
Rationale for the study: –
Transmission system is a medium of transportation of bulk power from generating units to
consumption end. In case of stability of the system it plays a vital role In the modern era there
are so many modern practices and equipment’s have been developed which is essential the
study of transmission Sub-Station.
It is necessary to again summaries the traditional pattern.
Detail methodology to use for carrying out the study –
1. Project Identification and approval of synopsis.
2. Site selection.
3. Study of manual and books.
4. Discussion with expert personalities.
5. Search on internet for latest technology.
6. Collection of data to prepare the report.
The expected contribution from the study: –
The overall study represents the latest methodology used in 132kv Transmission sub-station.
Which is very helpful for understanding the Transmission sub-station.
Activities and time schedule to complete the project:-
o Project identification and approval of synopsis: - 26th to 28th June (3days);
o Site visit:-18thDecember- 26th June to 2nd July (07days);
o Study of manual and books:- 28th June to 3rd July(06days);
o Discussion about the project:- 4th to 10th July (07days);
o Collection of data /drawing:- 10th to 20th July (08days);
o Preparation of project report:- 16th to 23rd July (08days).

6. Problems envisaged in carrying out the project –
As this is a large system and various work practices and standard are used
all over the world, discussion on all would be a big project. This project
gives comprehensive ideas on routine technique.

7. INTRODUCTION-
The creation of Uttar Pradesh Corporation Limited (UPPCL) on January 14, 2000,is the result of
power sector reforms in UP (India) which is the focal point of the power sector responsible for
planning and managing the sector through its transmission, distribution and supply of electricity.
Its vision is to make UPPCL as one of the best managed utilities in power sector and to provide
access to electricity to everyone in the state. 132 KV sub-station, SGPGI, Lucknow is one of the
many substations which come under UPPCL.
The engineering institute has suggested the students to visit industries related to the electrical
engineering to have exposure to the real life practice of engineering and technology in the subject
as per the curriculum and understand various aspects of the application, processes and working
operations.
For electrical engineering proper knowledge of transmission and distribution of electrical energy
is very important.
With this prospective, under this project, the present system at 132Kv Sub-Station SGPGI,
Lucknow has been studied in detail. This project presents a detailed report of the system studied.

8. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 132 KV S/S SGPGI, LUCKNOW
STUDY OF 132KV SUBSTATION S.G.P.G.I, LUCKNOW

9. POWER TRANSFORMER-
Electrical power transformer is a static device which transforms electrical energy from one
circuit to another without any direct electrical connection and with the help of mutual
induction between two winding. It transforms power from one circuit to another without
changing its frequency but may be in different voltage level. It depends upon Faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction. Actually, mutual induction between two or more winding is
responsible for transformation action in an electrical transformer.
Generation of electrical power in low voltage level is very much cost effective. Theoretically,
This low voltage level power can be transmitted to the receiving end. This low voltage power is
transmitted results in greater line current which indeed causes more line losses but if the
voltage level of power is increased, the current of the power is reduced which causes
reduction in Ohmic or I2R losses in the system, reduction in cross sectional area of the
conductor that is reduction in capital cost of the system and it also improved the voltage
regulation of the system. Because of this, low level power must be stepped up for efficient
electrical power transmission. This is done by step-up transformer at the sending side of the
power system network. As this high voltage power may not be distributed to the consumers
directly, this must be stepped down to the desired level at the receiving end with the help of
step down transformer. Electrical power transformer thus plays a vital role in Power
Transmission. In 132 KV Sub Station S.G.P.G.I Lucknow 05 Nos. Power Transformer are
installed.
1. 132/33KV, 63 MVA Power Transformer 1st(ADITYA MAKE)
2. 132/33KV, 63MVA Power Transformer2nd(TECHNICAL ASSOCIATE MAKE)
3. 132/33KV, 63 MVA Power Transformer 3rd (ADITYA MAKE)
4. 132/11 KV, 20MVA Power Transformer 1st(BHARAT BIJEE MAKE)
5. 132/33KV, 20 MVA Power Transformer 2nd(TELK MAKE)

10. The Transformers are shown in figure.
132/33KV, 63MVA POWER TRANSFORMER-1st
, (ADITYA MAKE)
DATE OF COMMISSIONING-12/03/2016
132/33KV, 63MVA POWER TRANSFORMER-3rd
, (ADITYA MAKE)
DATE OF COMMISSIONING- 29/04/2016

11. 132/33KV, 63MVA POWER TRANSFORMER-2nd, (TECHNICAL ASSOCIATE MAKE)
DATE OF COMMISSIONING- 26/11/2016
132/11KV, 20MVA POWER TRANSFORMER-1st, 132/11KV, 20MVA POWER
TRANSFORMER-2nd,
(TELK MAKE) (TELK MAKE)
DATE OF COMMISSIONING- 27/03/1987 DATE OF COMMISSIONING-
26/08/1987

12. 132/33 KV 63MVA Power Transformer rating diagram,

13. CIRCUIT BREAKER (SF-6 GAS)-
A circuit breaker is an automatically/ manually operated electrical switch designed to protect
an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current, typically resulting from an
overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.
Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset
(either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.
In 132KV Sub-Station, S.G.P.G.I Lucknow SF-6 Circuit breaker and VCB is used.
SF-6 Circuit Breaker- A Circuit breaker which the current carrying contacts operate in Sulphur
hexa fluoride/SF-6 gas is known as SF-6 Circuit breaker. SF-6 has excellent insulating property.
SF-6 gas has very high dielectric strength and very good heat transfer property. SF-6 has high
elector-negativity. That means it has high affinity of absorbing free electrons. Whenever a free
electron collides with the SF-6 Gas molecule, it is absorbed by that molecule and form a
negative ion. The attachment of electron with SF-6 gas molecules occur in two different ways
SF6 + e SF6
-
SF6 + e SF5
- + F
132 KV SF6 Gas Circuit Breakers Name Plate
33KV VCB Rating Plate

14. CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT)-
A current transformer (CT) is a transformer that is used to produce an alternating current (AC)
in its secondary which is proportional to the AC current in its primary and differs in phase from
it by ideally zero degree. Current transformer known as instrument transformers.
When a current is too high to measure directly or the voltage of the circuit is too high, a
current transformer can be used to provide an isolated lower current in its secondary which is
proportional to the current in the primary circuit. The induced secondary current is then
suitable for measuring instruments or processing in electronic equipment.
In 132kv sub- station S.G.P.G.I 3 core CT is used.
 In the sub- station 132kv line side CT connected in ratio 400/1A.
 Power Transformer 63MVA HV side CT connected in ratio 400/1A.
 Power Transformer 63MVA LV side CT connected in ratio 1250/1A.
 Power Transformer 20MVA HV side CT connected in ratio 100/1A.
 Power Transformer 20MVA LV side CT connected in ratio 1200/1A.
 All 33kv Feeder CT connected in ratio 400/1A except 33kv Omex city.
 33kv Omex city CT connected in ratio 200/1A.
132 KV, 3CORE CURRENT TRANSFORMER RATIO 400/200/100-1A( HEPTA CARE MAKE)

15. 132 KV and 33KV CT rating and connection diagram.

16. CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER (CVT)-
A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT or CCVT), is a transformer used in power systems to step
down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for metering or operating a
protective relay.
The device consists of three parts: two capacitors across which the transmission line signal is
split, an inductive element to tune the device to the line frequency, and a voltage transformer
to isolate and further step down the voltage for metering devices or protective relay.
In practice, capacitor C1 is often constructed as a stack of smaller capacitors connected in
series. This provides a large voltage drop across C1 and a relatively small voltage drop across
C2. As the majority of the voltage drop is on C1, this reduces the required insulation level of the
voltage transformer..
"Capacitive voltage transformers exist and are used by utilities for high-voltage (greater
than 66 kV) metering
CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER CONNECTED WITH 132 KV LINE.

17. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER (PT)-
Potential transformer or voltage transformer gets used in electrical power
system for stepping down the system voltage to a safe value which can be fed to low ratings
meters and relays. Commercially available relays and meters used for protection and metering,
are designed for low voltage.
Primary of PT is connected across the phase and ground. Just like the
transformer used for stepping down purpose, potential transformer i.e. PT has lower turns
winding at its secondary.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, CONNECTED WITH 132 KV MAIN BUS.

18. LIGHTNING ARRESTOR (LA)-
A lightning arrester is a device used to protect the power system equipment like Transformer,
CT, PT, insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects.
Lightning Arrester consists of a spark gap in series with non-linear resister. One end of the
diverter is connected to the terminal of the equipment to be protected and other end is
effectively grounded. The length of the gap is so set that normal line voltage is not enough to
cause an arc across the gap but a dangerously high voltage will breakdown the air insulation
and an arc. The property of the non-linear resistance is that its resistance decreases as the
voltage (or current) increases and vice versa.
The zinc oxide has highly non-uniform current voltage (I-V) characteristics. This typical I-V
characteristic makes zinc oxide very suitable for designing gap less zinc oxide lightning arrester
for surge protection. The current carrying capacity of the lightning arrester block is
proportional to the total cross-section of the block. The nonlinear resistance characteristics of
ZnO block can be expressed as,
where, Ir and Vr are the reference current and voltage respectively of the lightning arrester.
The value of x is 30 to 40 in case of metal oxide block.
In 132 KV Sub-Station S.G.P.G.I Zno type and Morester Gapless type lighting Arrester are used.
120KV, 10KA LIGHTNING ARRESTER. Lightning Arrester connected in 132 KV Line.

19. ISOLATOR (LINE ISOLATOR/BUS ISOLATOR/TANDEM ISOLATOR)-
Isolator is a manually/motor operated mechanical switch which separates a part of the electrical power.
Insulators are used to open a circuit under no load condition. Its main purpose is to isolate one portion of
the circuit from the other and is not intended to be opened while current is flowing in the line.
Following types of isolators available depending upon the position in power system,
1. Bus side isolator – the isolator is directly connected with main bus
2. Line side isolator – the isolator is situated at line side of any feeder
3. Transfer bus side isolator – the isolator is directly connected with transfer bus
In 132kv sub- station S.G.P.G.I Lucknow LI/BI shown in figure.

20. MAIN BUS/TRANSFER BUS.-
132KV Main Bus/Transfer Bus, 33kv Main Bus/Transfer Bus is made of ACSR (MOOSE) conductor.
Aluminium conductor steel-reinforced cable (ACSR) is a type of high-capacity, high-strength stranded
conductor typically used in overhead power lines. The outer strands are high-purity aluminium,
chosen for its excellent conductivity, low weight and low cost. The centre strand, or strands is/are of
steel for additional strength to help support the weight of the conductor. Steel is higher strength than
aluminium which allows for increased mechanical tension to be applied on the conductor. The details
of the ACSR MOOSE Conductor are tabulated below:
a) Stranding and wire diameter 54/3.53 mm Aluminium
+7/3.53 mm steel
b) Number of Strands
Steel core 1
1st steel layer 6
1st Aluminium layer 12
2nd Aluminium layer 18
3rd Aluminium layer 24
d) Total sectional area 597.0 sq. mm
e) Overall diameter 31.77 mm
f) Approximate mass 2004 (Kg/ KM)
g) Calculated D.C. resistance at 20˚ C 0.05552 Ohm/KM
h) Minimum UTS 161.2 KN
i) Direction of lay of outer layer Right hand

21. In 132KV Sub-Station, S.G.P.G.I Lucknow Main bus + 1 Transfer Bus scheme is applied-
a) Merits
1. Most flexible in operation
2. Highly reliable
3. Breaker failure on bus side breaker removes only one ckt. From service
4. All switching done with breakers
5. Simple operation, no isolator switching required
6. Either main bus can be taken out of service at any time for maintenance.
7. Bus fault does not remove any feeder from the service
b) Demerits
1. High cost due to three buses.
132KV Main Bus-
Bay/Equipment connected with main Bus:-
132KV Incoming Lines:-
1. Sarojini –Nagar –S.G.P.G.I circuit 1st
2. Sarojini –Nagar –S.G.P.G.I circuit 2nd
3. Sarojini –Nagar –S.G.P.G.I circuit 3rd
132KV Out Going Lines:-
1. S.G.P.G.I-Martinique.
2. S.G.P.G.I-Srinagar.
3.
a)
Minimum breaking load of
strand be 1.57 KN
stranding
b)
Minimum breaking load of
strand aft 1.49 KN
stranding
c)
Maximum D.C. resistance of
strand a 2.921 Ohm/KM

22. Transformers HV side:-
i. 63MVA Transformer 1st
ii. 63MVA Transformer2nd
iii. 63MVA Transformer3rd
iv. 20 MVA Transformer 1st V. 20
MVA Transformer 2nd
33KV Main Bus:-
Feeder/Transformer connected with main Bus:-
Incoming supply:-
Power Transformer LV side:-
i. 63MVA Transformer 1st
ii. 63MVA Transformer2nd
iii. 63MVA Transformer3rd
Outgoing feeders:-
i. 33KV Aashiyana feeder
ii. 33KV New Cantt feeder
iii. 33KV Ambedkar University feeder
iv. 33KV Vrindavan feeder
v. 33KV Mohanlalganj feeder
vi. 33KV Bangla Bazar feeder
vii. 33KV Omaxe City feeder
viii. 33KV Mansarovar feeder
ix. 33KV Siamese feeder
x. 33KV Ratan Khand feeder
xi. 33KV Jack Bus
xii. 33KV Capacitor Bank 1ts
xiii. 33KV Capacitor Bank 2nd
xiv. 33/0.4KV Station Transformer

23. BATTERY AND BATTERY CHARGER -
Batteries are used to supply stored energy for operation of substation protective relaying and tripping
and closing of circuit Breakers. They are kept at a fully charged level by self-regulated battery chargers
that are set to maintain a specific DC bus voltage.
In 132KV Sub-Station, S.G.P.G.I, Lucknow there are following battery sets are available-
i) 110V Battery Set- 200AH, 1 Nos.(55cells, 2v each cell.)
In 132KV Sub-Station, S.G.P.G.I, Lucknow there are following Battery Chargers are available-
i) 110V Battery Charger- 1 Main Charger
Under normal conditions, the storage battery units are kept floating in DC bus Bars by means of the
trickle chargers. With this , the trickle charger besides meeting all the DC requirements of the power
station and supplies a few ampere of Direct current to the battery to compensate loss.
110V, 200Ah. Battery
Protection and Relay Panel-
A relay is an electrically operated switch. A relay is automatic device which senses and abnormal
condition of electrical circuit and closes/ open its contact. These contacts in turns close and complete
the circuit breaker trip coil circuit hence make the circuit breaker tripped for with connecting the faulty
portion of the electrical circuit from rest of the healthy circuit. Many relays use an electromagnet to
mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays.
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or where
several circuits must be controlled by one signal. In relay panels following relays are normally used-

24. 1. Definite time relays
2. Inverse time relay with definite minimum time relay(IDMT)
3. Instantaneous relay
4. Bucolic relay
5. Voltage resistant over current relay
6. Differential relay
7. Directional relay
8. Restricted earth fault relay
9. Reverse power relay
10. Bus Bar Protection relay etc.
11. Current relays
12. Voltage relays
13. Frequency relays
14. Power relays
Control and Relay Panel

25. CAPACITOR BANK-
A Capacitor bank is very essential equipment of an electrical power system. The maximum load connected to
the electrical power system is mainly inductive in nature such as electrical transformer, induction motors,
synchronous motor, electric furnaces, fluorescent lighting are all inductive in nature. Because of these
inductance, the system current lags behind system voltage. As the lagging angle between voltage and current
increases, the power factor of the system decreases. As the electrical power factor decreases, for same active
power demand the system draws more current from source. More current causes, more line losses. Poor
electrical power factor causes poor voltage regulation. So to avoid these difficulties, the electrical power
factor of the system to be improved. As a capacitor causes current to lead the voltage, capacitance reactance
can be used to cancel the inductive reactance of the system. The capacitor reactance can be used to cancel
the inductive reactance of the system.
The capacitor reactance is generally applied to the system by using static capacitor in shunt with system.
Instead of using a single unit of capacitor per phase of the system, it is quite effective to use a bank of
capacitor units, in the view of maintenance and erection. This group or bank of capacitor units is known as
Capacitor bank.
In 132kv Sub-station S.G.P.G.I Lucknow two capacitor Banks are available each connected with 33kv Main Bus
via Bus Isolater, circuit Breaker, Line Isolater and current Transformer.The capacity of each cacitor Bank is
2x5MVAR.
1. CAPACITOR BANK 1ST(CGL MAKE) 2. CAPACITOR BANK 2ND(SHREEM MAKE)
CAPACITY -2X5 MVAR CAPACITY -2X5 MVAR
ONE CELL RATING ONE CELL RATING
ONE UNIT -18 CELL. ONE UNIT -24 CELL.

26. 33KV Capacitor Bank- 1st
33KV Capacitor Bank- 2nd

27. FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT-
The process combustion of fire may be regarded as a chemical triangle in its three side consisting of fuel,
heat and oxygen. The control and extinguishing of fires in general are brought by eliminating any one
side of this triangle. If oxygen (air) can be diluted or smothered out, the flame will go out. Its heat can be
removed by cooling the fuel to temperature below that at which it will take fire, then the fire will no
longer exist.
CLASS CHARACTERISTICS
MATERIA
L EXTINGUISHING AGENT
Wood, Paper, Deepsated
Water, High-low velocity, fog,
solid
“A”
Solid materials leaves, cloth, films streams co2, (inash or embers
small space w/c can be Flooded)
Flammable liquid,
Fuel
Mechanical Foam, Water Fog,
High
“B”
oil, Surface Burning, Diesel Oil, gasoline, & low-velocity, CO2 (insmall
May leave Carbon
Kerosen
e
spaces, W/c can be flooded, &
light
water).
Transmitters, Switch Board, CO2, Note: as a last resort, water
“C”
Electrical equipment electro nic, equipment, may be used.
electrical,
motors

28. EARTHING-
Equipment earthing is a connection done through a metal link between the body of any electrical
appliance, or neutral point, as the case may be, to the deeper ground soil. The metal link is
normally of MS flat, CI flat, GI wire which should be penetrated to the ground earth grid.
Earth Mat: A grounding system formed by a grid of horizontally buried conductors - Serves to
dissipate the earth fault current to earth and also as an equip potential bonding conductor
system.

29. CONCLUSION
The above study provides a peek into modern practices and norms followed at 132KV Sub-
Station S.G.P.G.I Lucknow. An in depth analysis of various electrical equipment installed and
their role in maintaining proper electrical supply has been provided.
The project helped me to get a deeper insight into the working of the substation. A thorough
analysis of various equipment helped me to get a better understanding of their functionality
and usefulness in reference to transmission electrical supply.