This document discusses standards in nursing. It begins by defining what standards are and their importance in nursing. Standards help to ensure quality of care and accountability. The document outlines the purposes of standards in nursing, which include communication, research, legal implications, quality assurance, and professional accountability. It also discusses the essential elements, sources, characteristics, classification, and development of standards. The document concludes by providing an overview of standards of nursing education programs.

1. PRESENTED BY
AMIT DEV
M.SC.NURSING FINAL YEAR
HOLY CROSS COLLEGE OF
NURSING,AMBIKAPUR

2. PRESENTATION
TITLE II
SUBTITLE COMES HERE

3. STANDARD’S IN
NURSING

4. INTRODUCTION
Standards are helping to plan,
implement and assess the quality of
services and to show that nursing is
accountable to society, to consumers of
nursing services and to governments, as
well as to the profession of nursing
itself. A standard is an agreed way of
doing something. It could be about
making a product, managing a process,
delivering a service or supplying
materials – standards can cover a huge
range of activities undertaken by
organizations and used by their
customers.
4

5. They are powerful tools that can help
drive innovation and increase
productivity. They can make
organizations more successful and
people’s everyday lives easier, safer and
healthier. Standard setting includes
establishing fundamental definition in
nursing and determining qualifications
for education and practice
.Administration encompasses
interpreting these standards, developing
mechanisms and tools for their
enforcement, and conducting the actual
processes for regulation. Standard is a
broad statement of quality. 5

6. A standard is described as a criterion used by general agreement
as acceptable level of practice or an established norm.
“According to ANA”
Standards are moral principles which affect people’s attitudes and
behavior.
“According to BT Basavantthapa”
6
DEFINITION OF STANDARD

7. Nursing practice standards are descriptive
statements that effect the nature of current
nursing practice current knowledge and current
quality of nursing care. As such , they are a
means of establishing accountability of nursing
care rendered by the professional nurse.
“According to ANA”
All standard in nursing practice provide a guide
to the knowledge, skills, judgment & attitudes
that are needed to practice safety.
7
DEFINITION OF
STANDARD IN NURSING

8. •Standards form the fundamental building blocks for
product development by establishing consistent protocols
that can be universally understood and adopted.
•In summary standards fuel the development and
implementation of technologies that influence and
transform the way we live, work and communicate.
8
IMPORTANCE OF
STANDARDS NURSING

9. • In the case of nursing practice , standards are the established
criteria for the practice of nursing. Standers are statements that
are widely recognized describing nursing practice and are seen as
having permanent value.
• A standard is a performance model that results from integrating
criteria with norms and is used to judge quality of nursing
objectives , orders and methods. one method of nursing quality
improvement is nursing audit ,in which patient outcomes are
measured against nursing standards and performance criteria to
determine the efficiency of nursing actions.
9

10. • As a professional body ,nursing must guarantee the quality of its
service to the public and these standards are a concomitant and on
assurance that the highest quality of care will be provided to all
patient in all health care setting.(American hospital association-
1995)
• To evaluate the quality of care provided ,the nursing profession has
established standards of practice through the American Nurse
Association the professional body for all professional nurses in the
country, and these standards serve as a guideline for peer evaluation
,employee assessment and self evaluation of nursing practice
according to the latest theories and techniques advances associated
with the practice of professional nursing
10

11. • 1.Communication: Communication
provides for sharing a common language
with nursing professional which can
cross barriers .
• 2.Research: The standards provide a
framework for further investigation, so
that current practices are no longer based
on intention “word of mouth” but are
derived from theory developed by
authorities with the nursing profession
11
PURPOSES OF STANDARDS
IN NURSING:-

12. • 3.Legal implication: The nursing profession must be self regulating to
maintain credibility as a profession .The courts use the professional
standards “as a yard stick” to determine whether hospitals and health care
professionals have provided quality patient care according to rationally
acceptable standards.
• 4.Quality assurance: Standards can be used as the criteria for quality
assurance studies to assess the current levels of practice rendered by the
health care services provided by the organization or both.
• 5.Professional accountability: Standards set guidelines for nursing
practice , providing uniform basis for collecting a connection with an
established assurance programme and or performances appraisal system.
• 6.Decision making: Standards also help in decision making and choosing
alternatives for delivering of health care, Helps in supervision and
improving performance.
12

13. 13
BASIC PRINCIPLES
OF STANDARDS IN
NURSING:-

14. • Standards should be designed to achieve a stated purpose.
• Standards should be based upon clear definitions of professional
scope and accountability.
• Standards should promote the fullest development of the
profession in accordance with its potential social contribution.
• Standards should be sufficiently broad and flexible to achieve
their objective and at the same time permit freedom for
innovation, growth and change.
• Standards should promote universal levels of performance and
encourage professional identity and mobility.
14

15. •Standards should recognize the equality and
interdependence of professions offering essential services.
• Standards should be formulated according to requirement
which facilities their applicability and use by the
profession.
15

16. 16
FRAMEWORK OF
STANDARDS IN
NURSING

17. • The focus of the standards and the
framework, within which the
multiple activities of nursing are
performed, need to be determined .
A useful and very commonly used
framework for organizing standards
is the structure process outcome
model.
17

18. •1. Structure standards:- Focus on the setting and
environment in which nursing is practiced.
•2. Process standards:- Focus on the practitioner and
the activities carried out in delivering care.
•3. Outcome standards:- Focus on the end result of
the nursing services and activities carried out and
changes which occurred
18

19. 19
ESSENTIAL
ELEMENTS FOR
STANDARDS FOR
NURSING
PRACTICE

20. • Standards should address, "who is the
nurse”, specifying qualifications for
practice and requirements for
licensure, such as the determination of
required competencies at, "entry to
practice”level.The accountability and
responsibility of the individual
practitioner to consumers and
employers is demonstrated by the
behaviours of the nurse in carrying
out the professional role. 20
THE NURSE

21. • As nursing practices are different in
different countries ,the various
levels of nurses and levels of
practice need to be addressed. The
regulation of nursing, who carries
out this function as well as how
thee function is carried out, will
determine the scope of practice
21
NURSING PRACTICE

22. • Nursing and nurse only exist
because people require nursing
services .These may be individuals
, families, groups or communities
with needs requiring nursing
services
22
PEOPLE REQUIRING
NURSING CARE

23. • For nursing care to be delivered to
people, there needs to be adequate
facilities with sufficient resources to
carry out safe practice of high quality.
When this is not so ,standards will not be
maintained.
23
THE SETTING FOR
NURSING PRACTICE

24. • Focus on the practitioner requires
standards regarding performances
appraisal. The methods and
underlying philosophy of appraisal
should be stated whether
disciplinary system and/ or merit or
reward systems are used.
24
EVALUATION OF
NURSING PRACTICE

25. 25
CHARACTERISTICS
OF STANDARD:-

26. • Statement must be broad enough to apply to a vide variety of
settings.
• must be realistic, acceptable, attainable
• The nurse care must be developed by members of the nursing
profession, preferable nurses practicing that the direct care level
with consultation of experts in the domain.
• Should be resembled in positive terms and indicate acceptable
performance i.e. Good, excellence etc.
• The nursing care must express what is desirable optional level
• Must be understandable and stated in unambiguous terms.
26

27. •Must be based on current knowledge and scientific
practice.
•Must be reviewed and revised periodically
•May be directed towards an ideal, i.e. Optional
standards or may only specify the minimal care that
must be attained ,i.e. Minimum standard.
• standards that work are objective, acceptable,
achievable and flexible.
27

28. 28
SOURCES OF NURSING
CARE STANDARDS:

29. • Professional organization ,e.g,
association, TNAI,GNAK licensing
bodies ,e.g, statutory bodies, INC,
MCI, ETC.
• Institutions/health care agencies.
• Department of institutions, e.g
Department of nursing.
• Patient care units,
• Government units at national, state and
local government.
• Units individual e.g. personal
standards. 29

30. 30
DEVELOPMENT OF
STANDARDS:-

31. •Every profession is required to develop its own values of
providing service to justify its existence. For nursing
profession must establish ,maintain and improve wherever
possible the standards of care and these standards must
serve as the minimum level of acceptable performance by
the professional and/or the organization. As a professional
body ,nursing must guarantee the quality of its service to
the public and these standards are a concomitant and on
assurance that the highest quality of care will be provided
to all patient in all health care setting.(American hospital
association-1995).
31

32. •To evaluate the quality of care provided ,the nursing
profession has established standards of practice through
the American Nurse Association the professional body for
all professional nurses in the country, and these standards
serve as a guideline for peer evaluation ,employee
assessment and self evaluation of nursing practice
according to the latest theories and techniques advances
associated with the practice of professional nursing.
32

33. 33
CLASSIFICATION OF
STANDARDS:

34. • Describe practices
considered good or ideal by
some authoritative group.
ideal sides set by
authoritative group.
34
A. NORMATIVE
STANDARDS

35. • Describe practices actually observed
in a large number of patient care
setting. Here ,the norm active
standards describe a higher quality
of performance than empirical
standards .generally, professional
organizations (ANA/TNAI)
promulgate normative standards
where as law enforcement and
regulatory bodies promulgate
empirical standards. 35
B. EMPIRICAL
STANDARDS

36. 36
STANDARDS OF
NURSING
EDUCATION
PROGRAM:-

37. 37
A. THE ORGANIZATION AND
ADMINISTRATION OF THE NURSING
EDUCATION PROGRAM SHALL BE
CONSISTENT WITH THE LAW
GOVERNING THE PRACTICE OF
NURSING.

38. • (i) The parent institution shall be accredited by the appropriate
accrediting agency.
• (ii) There shall be an organizational chart which demonstrates the
relationship of the nursing education program to the administration
and to comparable programs within the parent institution,
• (iii) There shall be statements of purpose, philosophy and
objectives which are consistent with those of the parent institution
and nursing standards.
• (iv)There shall be an organizational design with clearly defined
authority, responsibility, and channels of communication which
assure both faculty and student involvement.
38

39. 39
(B) ADMINISTRATOR
QUALIFICATIONS.

40. •(i) The administrator of the nursing education program shall
be a registered professional nurse, with the additional
education and experience necessary to direct the nursing
education program preparing graduates for the safe practice
of nursing. The administrator is accountable for the
administration, planning, implementation and evaluation of
the nursing education program.
(A) The administrator of the nursing education program shall:
• Hold a current license to practice as a registered professional nurse.
• Have a minimum of a master’s degree experience.
• Have a total of 5 years in nursing which must include a minimum of two
years of clinical experience and three years of teaching experience (and/or a
combination of teaching and management experience). 40

41. (B) In baccalaureate nursing programs the administrator of the
nursing education program shall:
• Hold a current license to practice as a registered professional
nurse.
• Have a doctoral degree in nursing or related field; and
• Have a total of 5 years in nursing which must include a minimum
of two years of clinical experience and three years of teaching
experience (and/or a combination of teaching and management
experience).
41

42. (ii) The administrator of the nursing education program
shall not be assigned curriculum instructional duties that
would impair nursing education program administration.
(iii) The administrator of the nursing education program
shall have the authority to administer the nursing
education program in accordance with the policies of the
parent institution.
42

43. 43
(C) FACULTY.

44. (i) There shall be sufficient faculty with graduate preparation and
nursing expertise to meet the objectives and purposes of the
nursing education program.
(ii) Nursing faculty shall:
• Be currently licensed as a registered professional nurse.
• Have a minimum of a master’s degree.
• Have 2 years of clinical experience or national certification in
clinical
(iii) Factors that shall be considered in determining the
faculty/student ratio in clinical settings are clinical site, level of
student, number of beds, type of clinical experience,
Faculty/student ratio shall be a maximum of 1:8 for clinical
experiences. 44

45. (iv) Registered professional nurse faculty shall be responsible for:
• Developing, implementing, evaluating, and updating the purpose, philosophy,
objectives, and organizational framework of the nursing education program;
• Developing, implementing and evaluating the curriculum;
• Developing, evaluating, and revising student admission, progression, retention,
and graduation policies within the policies of the institution;
• Participating in academic advising and guidance of students;
• Evaluating student achievement related to nursing knowledge and practice;
(v) Faculty teaching non-clinical nursing courses, e.g., issues and trends,
pharmacology, nutrition, research, management, and statistics, shall have
preparation appropriate to these areas of content.
45

46. 46
(D) STUDENTS.

47. (i) The nursing education program shall admit students to the program
based upon the number of faculty, available educational facilities and
resources, and the availability of clinical learning experiences for the
student.
(ii) Students shall be admitted without discrimination as to age, race,
religion, sex, national origin, or marital status, using an objective
process applied uniformly.
(iii) The nursing education program shall establish written policies for
admission, readmission, transfer, advanced placement, promotion,
graduation, withdrawal, or dismissal.
(iv) A nursing education program shall establish written policies for
student rights, responsibilities, grievances, health, safety, and
welfare.
47

48. • Students shall be provided the opportunity to acquire and
demonstrate the knowledge, skills and abilities for safe nursing
practice.
(vi) The nursing education program or parent institution shall
permanently maintain accurate records of scholastic achievement
on each student.
(vii) The criteria for evaluating a student’s performance of each
nursing ability (these criteria must be measurable, appropriate to
the nursing ability, address the safety of the patient, and ascertain
the accuracy of student performance).
48

49. 49
(E) CLINICAL
FACILITIES:

50. •A written contract or agreement shall be executed by the
parent institution conducting the nursing education
program and the cooperating clinical facility or agency; the
contract shall be signed by the responsible individual(s) of
each party, and shall set forth the responsibilities of each
party.
50

51. 51
(F) PROGRAM
EVALUATION:-

52. • The nursing education program shall have a written plan for the
systematic evaluation of the total nursing education program and
its outcomes. The plan shall include the methodology, frequency
of evaluation, assignment of responsibility, and evaluative criteria.
The following areas shall be evaluated:
• Organization and administration of the nursing education program;
• Philosophy and objectives;
• Curriculum;
• Educational facilities, resources, and services;
• Clinical resources;
52

53. •Students’ achievement;
•Graduates’ performance on the licensing examination;
•Graduates’ nursing competence;
•Performance of the faculty;
•Protection of patient safety; and
•The methods and instruments used for evaluation
purposes.
53

54. 54
SUMMARY

55. • Neerja KP,Textbook of Nursing Education, 1st edition, Jaypee Brothers
Medical Publishers Put Ltd, New Delhi.
• Basavanthapa BT, Textbook of Nursing Education, 1st edition Jaypee
Brothers Medical Publishers Put Ltd, New Delhi.
• Nursing Administration and Management TNAI, Publication, 1st ed,2000-
Section IV, Administration and Management of Nursing Schools.
• Lillies C, Taylor C et al. Fundamentals of Nursing: The art & science of
nursing care. Lippincott publications; Philadelphia.2005.
• Potter PA, Perry AG. Basic Nursing; Essentials for practice. 6th edn. Mosby
;st Louis.2007.
55
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-

56. 56
ANY QUESTIONS ?

57. THANKYOU