2. What is learning?
Learning is a change in the attitude,
knowledge and habits of an individual
which occurs as a result of experience
gradually.
In other words, learning is the name of
change in the character of an individual.
Learning is a conscious activity and a
dynamic concept. As a result of
learning, an individual shows different
reactions to different situations.
3. Definitions of learning
According to Skinner
“The change that take place because of the effects
of previous character of an individual is called
learning.”
According to Woodworth
“Learning means to learn something new provided
it be a new thing or activity. That activity should
become such a part of his character that he should
continue to express that in his future life.”
4. Design of Effective learning in
classroom
LEARNER-CENTERED
ENVIRONMENT
We use the term “learner
centered” to refer to
environments that pay
careful attention to the
knowledge, skills, attitudes,
and beliefs that learners
bring to the educational
setting.
5. Design of effective learning in classroom
KNOWLEGDE-CENTERED
ENVIRONMENT
Knowledge-centered environments
take seriously the need to help
students become knowledgeable by
learning in ways that lead to
understanding and subsequent
transfer.
Standards in areas such as
mathematics and science help define
the knowledge and competencies
that students need to acquire.
ASSESMENT-CENTERED
ENVIRONMENT
In addition to being learner
centered and knowledge
centered, effectively designed
learning environments must
also be assessment centered.
6. Principles of designing effective
learning in classroom
Design exercises that put students in situations where
they have to express their thinking,
Design feedback so that it guides improvement in learning
or mastery of the learning goals
Design exercises that rely on collaboration so that all
voices are at the table.
Design learning environments so that all students are
active participants.
7. Resources for learning
Learning resources include
Textbooks (print and digital)
Workbooks
Worksheets
Flashcards
Educational games
Non-fiction books
9. Learning styles
Learning styles are simply different approaches or
ways of learning.
There are three different learning styles
1. Visual learning
2. Auditory learning
3. Tactile/Kinesthetic learning
14. Visual aids used for enhancing the
learning environment in classroom
Visual Aids
Enhancing the
Learning
process
15. What is visual thinking and visual learning?
• Visual thinking is a learning style
where the learner better understands
and retains information when ideas,
words and concepts are associated
with images. Some common visual
learning strategies include creating
graphic organizers, diagramming,
mind mapping, outlining and more.
16. How does visual learning help students?
Visual learning helps students
organize and analyze
information.
Visual learning helps students
integrate new knowledge.
Visual learning helps students
think critically.
17. Purpose of visual aids
Time saver
Gain and holds the Viewers interest.
Increase understanding
Stimulate the development of understandings and
attitudes.
Create a unique and lasting impression.
18. Seating Arrangement
Seating Arrangement for effective
learning in classroom
(Definition)
“The physical setup of chairs, tables
and presentation in a classroom can
significantly influence learning.”
20. Types of seating Arrangements
U Shape Arrangement
Cluster arrangement
Groups, Pairs, and Pods
Section classroom
21. Circular Arrangement
Advantages
Thin can enable teacher it signal
to more active participants.
Involves everyone in the group.
There is no table in the middle,
therefore people are
unobstructed and can speak
directly to each other. Creates
equality among the group, with
no designated “leader” position.
Disadvantages
Some people feel uncomfortable
or exposed in this type of
arrangement. Can only handle
small groups of people. Not
conducive to visual aids or AV
presentations.
22. U-Shape Arrangement
Advantages
Easy to see and hear everyone in
the group.
Front of room commands the
group’s attention.
Unity is created by ganging all the
tables together.
Best set up to view audio visual
presentations.
Works well with role-playing and
other physical activities.
Disadvantages
Requires more space than any
other configuration.
Due to space and learning
requirements, the maximum
amount of participants should
not exceed 24.
23. Row Arrangement
This is most common arrangement in
a class. The number of rows is
decided by the strength of the class.
Advantages
Supervision and teaching can be
made easier by row arrangement.