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4. Dental Anatomy.pptx
1.
2.
3. At the end of the presentation, learners are expected to:
◦ Identify the major structures of the dental anatomy
4. 1. Objective
2. Introduction
3. Types of dentitions
4. Dental tissues
5. Tooth sockets
6. Vasculature and innervation of the teeth
7. Summary points
8. References
5. The teeth are collectively called dentition.
Adults normally have 32 teeth(16 in mandible & 16 in maxilla).
On each side of the midline, there are 2 incisors, a canine, 2
premolars, & 3 molars in each jaw.
A tooth is made up of three elements:
◦ Water
◦ Organic materials
◦ Inorganic materials
6. A tooth has a crown, neck, and root .
a) The crown- projects from the gingivae.
b) The neck- is between the crown and the root.
c) The root- is fixed in the tooth socket by the periodontium.
7. I. Based on weather they are permanent or replaceable:
Primary (deciduous)
◦Consist of 20 teeth
◦Begin to form during the first trimester of pregnancy
◦Typically begin erupting around 6 months
◦Most children have a complete primary dentition by 3 years of age
8. Secondary (permanent)
◦Consist of 32 teeth in most cases
◦Begin to erupt at around 6 years of age
◦Most permanent teeth have erupted by age 12
◦Third molars (wisdom teeth) are the exception; often do not appear
until late teens or early 20s.
9. II. By their characteristics/functions:
Incisors function as cutting or shearing food
Canines possess the longest roots of all teeth and are
located at the corners of the dental arch.
Premolars act like the canines in the tearing of food and
are similar to molars in the grinding of food.
Molars are located nearest the temporo mandibular joint
(TMJ), which serves as the fulcrum during function.
10. Apical- Pertaining to the apex or root of the tooth.
The vestibular surface -(labial or buccal) of each tooth is
directed outwardly.
The lingual surface - is directed inwardly.
The mesial surface - directed toward the median plane of
the facial part of the cranium.
The distal surface -is directed away from this plane; both
mesial and distal surfaces are contact surfaces—that is,
surfaces that contact adjacent teeth.
The masticatory surface- is the occlusal surface.
12. Anatomic Crown
Anatomic Root
Pulp
Chamber
The anatomic crown is the portion of the tooth covered by enamel.
The anatomic root is the lower two thirds of a tooth.
◦ The roots are normally subgingival, buried in bone, and serve to anchor the tooth
in position.
The pulp chamber houses the dental pulp, an organ of myelinated and
unmyelinated nerves, arteries, veins, lymph channels, connective tissue
cells, and various other cells.
13. 1. Enamel
2. Dentin
3. Cementum
4. Dental Pulp
The 4 main dental tissues:
Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Dental
Pulp
14.
15. Structure
Highly calcified and hardest tissue in the body
Crystalline in nature
Enamel rods
Insensitive— no nerves
Acid-soluble—will demineralize at a pH of ≤ 5.5
Cannot be renewed
Darkens with age as enamel is lost
Fluoride and saliva can help with remineralization
Dental tissues—Enamel1
16. Enamel can be lost by:3,4
Physical mechanism
- Abrasion (mechanical wear)
- Attrition (tooth-to-tooth contact)
- Abfraction (lesions)
Chemical dissolution
- Erosion by extrinsic acids (from diet)
- Erosion by intrinsic acids (from the oral
cavity/digestive tract)
Multifactorial etiology
- Combination of physical and chemical factors
Dental tissues—Enamel1
17. Softer than enamel
Susceptible to tooth wear (physical or chemical)
Does not have a nerve supply but can be sensitive?
Is produced throughout life
Will demineralize at a pH of ≤6.5
Dental tissues—Dentin2
18. I. Primary dentin –
- forms the initial shape of the tooth
- usually completed 3 years after tooth eruption (for permanent teeth).
II. Secondary dentin-
- is deposited after the formation of the primary dentin
- forms on all internal aspects of the pulp cavity, but in the pulp chamber of
multirooted teeth it tends to be thicker on the roof and floor than on the side
walls.
III. Tertiary dentin, or “reparative dentin”
- is formed by replacement odontoblasts in response to moderate-level
irritants such as attrition, abrasion, erosion, trauma, moderate dental
caries, and some operative procedures.
- usually appears as a localized dentin deposit on the wall of the pulp
cavity immediately subadjacent to the area of the tooth that has received
the injury.
19. Thin layer of mineralized tissue covering
the dentin
Softer than enamel and dentin
Anchors the tooth to the alveolar bone
along with the periodontal ligament
Not sensitive
Cementum
20. Innermost part of the tooth
A soft tissue rich with blood vessels and nerves
Responsible for nourishing the tooth
The pulp in the crown of the tooth is known as the coronal pulp
Pulp canals traverse the root of the tooth
Typically sensitive to extreme thermal stimulation (hot or cold)
Dental tissue—Dental Pulp5
22. The part of the oral mucosa
overlying the crowns of un-erupted teeth and
encircling the necks of erupted teeth,
serving as support structure for sub adjacent
tissues.
commonly divided into
◦ free (the unattached portion, forming the wall
of the gingival crevice) and
◦ attached (the part that is firm and resilient and
bound to the underlying cementum and the
alveolar bone, thus being immovable).
The gingiva1
Gingiva
23. Also called the “alveolar process”; the thickened ridge of bone.
Containing the tooth sockets in the mandible and maxilla.
Alveolar bone
The alveolar bone2
24. - Connects the cementum of the tooth root to the
alveolar bone of the socket.
The periodental Ligament3
Periodontal Ligament
25. Bonelike, rigid connective tissue covering the root of a tooth from the
cementoenamel junction to the apex and lining the apex of the root canal.
It also serves as an attachment structure for the periodontal ligament,
thus assisting in tooth support.
The cementum4
Cementum
26. They are in the alveolar processes of the maxillae and mandible.
The skeletal features that display the greatest change during a
lifetime.
Adjacent sockets are separated by interalveolar septa.
Within the socket, the roots of teeth with more than one root are
separated by interradicular septa.
27. Has a thin cortex separated from the adjacent labial and lingual
cortices by a variable amount of trabeculated bones.
The labial wall of the socket is particularly thin over the incisor
teeth; the reverse is true for the molars, where the lingual wall is
thinner.
Thus, the labial surface commonly is broken to extract incisors
and the lingual surface is broken to extract molars.
28. The superior and inferior alveolar arteries, branches of the
maxillary artery, supply the maxillary and mandibular teeth,
respectively.
Alveolar veins with the same names and distribution accompany
the arteries.
Lymphatic vessels from the teeth and gingivae pass mainly to the
submandibular lymph nodes.
29. Supplied by branches of the superior (CN V2) and inferior (CN V3)
alveolar nerves.
These give rise to dental plexuses that supply the maxillary and
mandibular teeth.
30. 1) The three parts of a tooth are: crown, neck & root.
2) Teeth are classified on the basis of duration of eruption and their
characteristics.
3) Enamel, dentin, cementum, & dental pulp are the main dental
tissues.
4) The gingivae, alveolar bones, periodontal ligament, and cementum
are the major periodontal tissues.
5) The labial surface is commonly broken to extract incisors and the
lingual surface is broken to extract molars.
6) Branches of the maxillary artery, supply the teeth with blood.
7) Dental plexuses innervates the teeth.
31.
32. Pihlstrom, Bruce L.; Michalowicz, Bryan S; Johnson, Newell W. (2005). "Periodontal
diseases". Lancet 366 (9499)
Williams, Ray C.; Offenbacher, Steven (2000). "Periodontal medicine: the emergence of a
new branch of periodontology".
Savage, Amir; Eaton, Kenneth A.; Moles, David R.; Needleman, Ian (2009). "A systematic
review of definitions of periodontitis and methods that have been used to identify this
disease“
Moore.. clinically oriented anatomy,6th edn,CHM
Saladin text book of human anatomy and physiology,4th edn.
