shock symptoms types treatment prevention references

1. SHOCK
Assignment No. 1
3/5/2018
Submitted by: Ambreen Sadaf
Bsot02153003
Submitted to: Ms. Wajeeha Abdul Ahad

2. SHOCK
 Shock is a life-threatening medical condition and is a medical emergency.
 If shock is suspected call 1122 or get to an emergency department immediately.
Symptoms:
 The main symptom of shock is low blood pressure.
 Other symptoms include:
 Rapid or shallow breathing
 Cold or clammy skin
 Rapid or weak pulse
 Dizziness
 Fainting
 Weakness
 Chest pain
 Seizures
Types:
There are several types of shock:
 Septic shock caused by bacteria
 Anaphylactic shock caused by hypersensitivity or allergic reaction
 Cardiogenic shock caused from heart damage
 Hypovolemic shock caused from blood or fluid loss
 Neurogenic shock caused from spinal cord trauma
 Hypoglycemic shock caused from imbalance of the insulin
Treatment:
Treatment for shock depends on the cause. Tests will determine the cause and severity.
Usually IV fluids are administered in addition to medications that raise blood pressure.
 Septic shock is treated with antibiotics and fluids.
 Anaphylactic shock is treated with diphenhydramine (Benadryl), epinephrine (an
"Epi-pen"), and steroid medications (solu-medrol).
 Cardiogenic shock is treated by identifying and treating the underlying cause.
 Hypovolemic shock is treated with fluids (saline) in minor cases, and blood
transfusions in severe cases.
 Neurogenic shock is the most difficult to treat as spinal cord damage is often
irreversible. Immobilization, anti-inflammatories such as steroids and surgery are the
main treatments.

3.  Hypoglycemic shock is treated by giving an injection of glucagon if the person is
unconscious, if you have it. If you don’t have glucagon, emergency personnel will
have some.
Prevention:
Shock prevention includes learning ways to prevent heart disease, injuries, dehydration and
other causes of shock.
References:
a. https://www.medicinenet.com/shock/article.htm#shock_facts
b. https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/insulin-shock#3