Prepared by Tulsi Dhidhi MSc nursing

1. Presented by
Tulsi Dhidhi
Seminar
On
SHOCK

2. Table Of Content
 Introduction
 Definition
 Stage Of Shock
 Classification Of Shock
 Physiologic profiles of shock states
 Effects And Signs Of Shock
 Treatment

3. Shock is a medical emergency
that occurs when the organs
and tissues of the body are not
receiving an adequate flow of
blood. Shock is also described
as inadequate perfusion.
Introduction

4. Definition of SHOCK?
Shock is defined as a state of
cellular and tissue hypoxia due to
either reduced oxygen delivery,
increased oxygen consumption,
inadequate oxygen utilization, or
a combination of these
processes.

5. Stages of Shock
A progressive process: Intervene early
 Compensated Shock: Cardiac output
(HR x SV) and systemic vascular resistance (peripheral
vasoconstriction) work to keep BP within normal.
 On exam: Tachycardia; decreased pulses & cool extremities in cold
shock; flushing and bounding pulses in warm shock; oliguria; labs may
show mild lactic acidosis
 Hypotensive (Uncompensated) Shock: Compensatory
mechanisms are overwhelmed.
 On exam: As above, plus hypotension, altered mental status; labs may
show increased lactic acidosis
 Generally quick progression to cardiac arrest.
 Irreversible Shock: Irreversible organ damage, cardiac
arrest, death occur.

6. Classifications of Shock
 Hypovolemic Shock
 Distributive Shock
 Cardiogenic Shock
 Obstructive Shock

7.  Hypovolemic shock happens when there isn’t enough
blood in your blood vessels to carry oxygen to your
organs.
Hypovolemic shock

8. Obstructive shock occurs when blood
can’t get where it needs to go. A pulmonary
embolism is one condition that may cause an
interruption to blood flow.
Obstructive shock

9. Damage to your heart can decrease the blood flow
to your body, leading to cardiogenic shock.
Cardiogenic shock

10. Conditions that cause your blood vessels to lose their tone
can cause distributive shock
Distributive shock

11. There are a number of types of
distributive shock, including the
following:
Anaphylactic shock is a
complication of a severe allergic
reactions.
Distributive shock Cont.…

12. Septic shock is a condition
caused by infections
Neurogenic shock is caused by
damage to the central nervous
system, usually a spinal cord
injury.

13. Physiologic profiles of shock states
Type of Shock Preload
(PCWP)
Cardiac
Output
Afterload
(SVR)
Tissue
Perfusion
(Mixed venous sat)
Hypovolemic     
Distributive  Or
=
 Or
=
  
Cardiogenic   *   
Obstructive     

14. Signs and symptoms

15. If you suspect someone has gone into shock, call 911.
Then follow these steps:
 If they’re unconscious, check to see if they’re still
breathing and have a heartbeat.
 If you don’t detect breathing or a heartbeat, begin
CPR.
First aid treatment

16. Different types of shock are treated differently. For example,
 epinephrine and other drugs to treat anaphylactic shock
 blood transfusion to replace lost blood and treat
hypovolemic shock
 medications, heart surgery, or other interventions to treat
cardiogenic shock
 antibiotics to treat septic shock
Medical care

17. Summary

18. Thanks