Latin America contains many different cultures that were impacted by the slave trade. In Bolivia, indigenous groups like the Quechua and Aymara were forced to give up their land and work under Spanish rule. In 1952, Bolivia granted full citizenship to indigenous peoples, but some faced discrimination if they abandoned their heritage. Haiti established itself as the first independent black nation in 1804 with 90% of the population being black.

1. Latin America By: Alexis Gibson History 141

2. Race Relations in Latin America This region contains many different cultures Many black slaves were imported here which had a big impact on race relations. They struggled to identify themselves as simply black, white, mulatto etc.

3. Race Relations in Latin America(Bolivia) Bolivia contained many groups of different indigenous people they were the Quechua, Aymara, Guarani, Calcha and many others. When the Spaniards came and took over they labeled them all into one group and called them “Indians.” These people were forced to give up their land and work for the Spaniards.

4. Citizenship for the Indigenous people of Bolivia In 1952 the Indigenous people of Bolivia were granted full citizenship. Many migrated in efforts to become educated, find new jobs, and make their lives better. Others stayed. People who abandoned their heritage in order to fit in with the people of Bolivia were called “Ka’ras” which meant “peeled ones.” The different people of Bolivia struggled to get their history known.

5. Race Relations in Latin America(Haiti) Haiti was the first independent black nation which was established in 1804. Their population was 90% black Francis Duvalier was a leader who excluded Mulattos from public office. They often experienced racism from their neighbors (The Dominican Republic.)

6. Race Relations in Latin America(The Dominican Republic) The Dominican republic shared an island with Haiti named “Hispaniola Island.” This country contained many mixed races from their Black and European population. Although this country contained many Mulatto races they still had a lot of racism and constantly rivaled with their neighbor Haiti.

7. FIFA World Cup The FIFA world cup is a men’s soccer tournament. In 1950 it was held in Brazil, this was the first cup held after WWII. Brazil Lost against Uruguay.

8. Fashion in Brazil SAO Paulo, Brazil. Brazil is a very important fashion market They are very successful do to their expanding economy. During the recession in 2008 Brazil continued to expand while the rest of the country struggled. Because of their economic success they attract many international brands. Brazil is very independent and supplies its own production, artists and trade they are not very dependent on other countries. Brazil consumers tend to buy from their own designers rather than European designers such as Prada and Valentino.

9. The Second World(Chapter 16. Venezuela) Venezuela has a big oil supply and could be a major energy provider. It could potentially unite Spain and Latin America. Venezuela began to rely on their oil supply greatly and neglecting any supply of agriculture. In 1980 a drop in the oil prices hurt them badly. Hugo Chavez was elected in 1998. His people were very loyal to him in hopes that they would help them. Chavez spent a lot of the country’s oil wealth. Venezuela now had the highest gun death rate in the world, kidnappings were happening and it contained the worlds worst road congestion. Venezuela was very anti American. He threatened to suspend all oil exports to the U.S. and the supply of oil. He also cut off exports with Americans and began to form tides with China.

11. The Second World(Chapter 18. Brazil) It is Latin America’s national leader because of its enormous size. It borders every country except for Chile and Ecuador. It has a massive economy Brazil went into debt after Henrique Cardoso was elected. Crime in Sao Paulo grew in the 1990s such as kidnapping and murder. Brazil had the largest numbers of Africans, Lebanese, Italians, and Japanese people. The divisions of classes were very visible. Shanty towns were considered very dangerous and were often ignored. Brazil spend a lot of money in reducing poverty levels. The wealthy planted and converted sugarcane into ethanol which helped them became a large producer and exporter.

12. The Second World(Chapter 19. Argentina and Chile) In 1776 estancias were built in Argentina which helped them to prosper greatly under the leadership of Juan Bautista Alberdi. It was a threat to the U.S. because of it’s location, climate and resources. In the 1920s it was the 7th richest nation of the world. In 1970 war against the left lead many people to flee the country. They experienced a severe recession in 1990s. Poverty flourished. Over half the population was under the poverty line. They became dependent on foreign trade and investment. Most of their growth came from agricultural exports to China. Chile is one of the smaller countries. It’s coastline is over 3,000 miles. It is the only country that may become a 1st world country in the coming decade. Their government is focused on education and technology. They have free trade agreements with the U.S., E.U, China, Japan and Korea.