Done by Engineers group at Qatar Secondary school for Girls. Under supervision from AL-Bairaq

1. AL-Bairaq
I am Discovering Materials
Polymers
Group Name :Engineers
Layla alnaimi Shorouq Abdlhashem
Alaa Alryashi fatima Khalifa

2. Outline• Introduction
• Activity 1: Changing Polymer Pellets
• Activity 2: Hunting for polymer products
• Activity 3: Comparing the Viscosity of Liquids
• Activity 4: Testing the Strength of Different
Polymer Films
– Part A: Casting and Observing Polymer Films
– Part B : Testing the Effect of Molecular Weight
on Tensile Strength
• Design Project: Designing a medicine release
capsule
• Product Idea: water filtration using polymer

3.  What is a polymer:
 Polymers are made up of many many
molecules all strung together to form
really long chains(and sometimes) more
complicated structures,too).
Introduction

4. In the first activity we changed the physical shape of the polymer3 times
and we take it weight3 times
1- First we take the weight of the polymer without any additions
2- Second we put 0.5 gram in each of the2 bottle and we add water about
10 ml.
3- Third we took 10 minutes to record changes, and we noticed that the
polymer absorb the water
4- Fourthly we took weight of the polymer and it increased
5-fifthly we put in one bottle salty water and in the other normal water
then we put polymers in each of them.
Activity 1

5. 6- Sixth we record that the polymers in the salty water
expelled the water and the polymer in the normal water
then we filtrate the polymer in salty water.
7- Finally we toke them weight and the polymer in
normal water was biggest.
Activity 1

6. Activity 2: Hunting for polymer products
Polymers : - is a large molecue, or macromolecule, composed of many
repeated subunits. Because of their broad range of properties both
synthetic and natural polymers play an essential and ubiquitous role in
everyday life and there is two type of polymers
Synthetic polymers Natural polymers
Plastic Cotton
Clothes Hair

7. Activity 3:Comparing the Viscosity of
Liquids
• Measure time the bubble takes to move through each liquid
• Noticed that the methanol moves faster than the other liquids
• Noticed that the glycerol moves slower than the other liquids
• Conclusion: -
• Viscosity increase when the molecular weight is increased

8. Activity 4: Testing the Strength of
Different Polymer Films
Part A: Casting and Observing Polymer Films
Procedure: -
 Spreading the polymers by the pipette on the 9 glass slides with different MW
 Leaves them for 2 days

9. Time Pvac100,
000
Pvac170.0
00
Pvac260.
000
0 min 6 5 5
1 min 10 9 9
2min 12.5 12.4 12.2
3min 14.7 14.7 14.8
4min 17 16 15.9
5min 19.2 18 17.4
6min 20.8 19.4 18.6
7min 22.4 20.6 19.4
8min 24.2 22.9 20.4
9min 25.3 23.1 20.7
10min 25.5 23.5 21.5
Activity 4: Testing the Strength of Different
Polymer Films
Part B : Testing the Effect of Molecular Weight
on Tensile Strength
Procedure: -
• Scratching polymer films using razor
blade
• test the Hardness and stretch ability of
the film

10. Design project: Designing a humidity
sensor
 We tested the polymer sensor at
different rates in different conditions.
 First, we put the solution in different
proportions.
pvAc 3, Indicator 5 and solvent2
 The initial color was light blue

11. Design project: Designing a humidity
sensor
 Results:
 The color changed to transparent pink
and then we presented it to water vapor
returned color to blue and then
introduced to the heat and returned to
transparent color.

12.  Introduction and Rationale:
 Every year, there are 3.4 million deaths from water-, sanitation-, and hygiene-related
causes, many of them preventable.
 The problem is that for much of the world, sources of clean, fresh water are scarce.
About 97.5 percent of the water on our planet is salty, and only 0.5 percent of the
fresh water is accessible.
 We came up with a polymer membranes that can filter contaminants from the water.
We developed a method for turning salty seawater into clean, freshwater that can be
used for agriculture and farming.
 Currently, salt is removed from seawater either by thermal desalination, which
involves boiling seawater above 212°F and then distilling the vapors. This method
requires large amount of energy.
 Our method is based on the principle of simple forward osmosis: Without any input
of energy, water molecules will naturally move from fresh solutions to saltier ones.
 The polymer system we used is saltier than seawater, drawing water molecules out of
seawater across a porous membrane and leaving the sea salt residue behind.
Final Project:
Water filtration using Polymer

13. *Reduce energy uses.
*We increase the production of agricultural crops.
*Use filtered water in homes.
*To give filtered water to animals.
*Watering plants without the smell of foul sewage.
*To increase green spaces.
*To help people in remote areas.
Water filtration by polymer
Aim of the work

14. Find new way for water filtration using the polymers, and by
polymer we will use less energy and save the environment.
Water filtration by polymer
Hypothesis:

15. There are 2 polymers used to make the
filtration system:
poly(oxyethylene)
having a general formula HO-(CH2CH2O)n-H; they are used in the
manufacture of emulsifiers
poly(vinylidene fluoride)
PVDF is a specialty plastic used in applications requiring the highest
purity, as well as resistance to solvents, acids and bases. Compared
to other fluoropolymers, like polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon),
PVDF has a low density (1.78 g/cm3).
Water filtration by polymer
Materials

16. We developed a water filtration systems that is made up of
combinations of materials that perform different functions
in the filtration process.
As shown in the figure, the system consists of two types of
molecular chains. The first, poly(oxyethylene) side chains
(dark blue), provides nanochannels for the selective
transport of liquids. They are highly wettable by water and
many organics and have low fouling propensity, allowing the
passage of water (aqua) through the filter, while pushing
away foulant molecules (orange). These are combined with
poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) backbone chains that
provide structural integrity and are insoluble in most organic
liquids.
Water filtration using Polymer
Method

17. Water filtration by polymer
Results
 This project reduced the uses of energy as it
flourished agricultural areas and adorned the streets
with flowers and grass without a foul smell
 Use new useful methods without the heat energy

18. Water filtration by polymer
Recommendation
 This project is very useful for the environment but we
didn’t have much time to research more, we advise to
do more research about water filtration by polymers.
 With advance research new polymers might be found
and should be tested on poor areas.

19. we had an interesting experience in al bairaq project,
we learned with experiments which we will never
forget.
Also this program improve our skills in creating,
designing, team work and challenging our thinking.
Conclusions

20. Many thanks to AL-Bairaq team from Center for
Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University for
supporting us during our journey with a AL-Bairaq.
Also, I would like to thank the sponsors UNESCO, Qatar
National Commission, and Shell.
Acknowledgment